Structural degradation and permeability evolution of red sandstone under dry-wet cycles in the Baihetan hydropower station reservoir area
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摘要:
受库水位周期性波动及降雨的影响，库岸边坡岩石长期处于干湿交替的环境中，导致其劣化损伤，对岸坡稳定性构成巨大威胁。文章以白鹤滩水电站的红层砂岩为研究对象，开展硫酸钠盐溶液干湿循环试验、CT扫描、数字岩心建模及Avizo渗流模拟，研究了红层砂岩在干湿循环作用下的结构劣化及渗透性演化规律。结果表明：红层砂岩的质量损失率（α）和渗透率（k）随循环次数（N）的增加呈指数形式上升；总孔隙度、有效孔隙度及有效孔隙度占比随N的增加均先减小后增大；讨论认为红层砂岩在盐溶液干湿循环作用下的结构劣化，是溶蚀和盐结晶共同作用的结果。早期主要由于方解石、斜长石等矿物在溶液中发生溶解而产生结构损伤；中期岩石受到盐结晶和溶蚀作用的共同损伤；后期盐结晶作用逐渐减弱，岩石损伤再次以溶蚀作用为主。研究结果为白鹤滩水电站库滑坡长期稳定性评价提供重要理论依据。
Abstract:Influenced by the cyclic fluctuation of reservoir water levels and rainfall, the rocks of reservoir bank slopes have been subjected to alternating wet and dry environments for a long time. This leads to their deterioration and damage, posing a great threat to the stability of the bank slopes. This study investigates the red sandstone of the Baihetan hydropower station as the research object, and the structural deterioration of the red sandstone under wetting-drying cycles of sodium sulfate salt solution were investigated by carrying out wetting-drying cycles test, CT scanning test, digital core modeling and seepage simulation. The results show that the mass loss rate (α) and permeability (k) of the red sandstone increase exponentially with the number of cycles (N). The total porosity, effective porosity, and effective porosity ratio initially decrease and then increase with N. The study suggests that the structural deterioration of the red sandstone under wetting-drying cycles in the salt solution results from the combined effect of dissolution and salt crystallization. In the early stages, structural damage is mainly due to calcite, plagioclase feldspar and other minerals in solution dissolution. In the middle stages, the rocks undergoes damage from both salt crystallization and dissolution. In the later stages, the effect of salt crystallization is gradually weakened and rock dissolution becomes the dominant factor causing rock damage again. The results of the study provide an important theoretical basis for the long-term stability evaluation of reservoir slopes at the Baihetan hydropower station.
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Key words:
- red sandstone /
- wetting-drying cycles /
- CT scan /
- pore structure /
- permeability
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表 1 红层砂岩的矿物组成及含量
Table 1. Mineral composition and content of red-bedded sandstone
矿物名称 质量分数/% 黏土矿物 36.6 石英 22.7 方解石 16.8 斜长石 15.3 黄铁矿 3.2 白云石 2.1 钾长石 1.9 菱铁矿 1.3 其他矿物 0.1 
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表 2 岩样在盐溶液中发生的化学反应
Table 2. Chemical reactions of rock samples in salt solution
矿物 化学反应方程式 石英 SiO2+2H2O=H4SiO4 方解石 CaCO3=Ca2++ 
斜长石 NaAlSi3O8+5.5H2O=0.5Al2Si2O5(OH)4+Na++OH−+2H4SiO4
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