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摘要:
山东黄土是沿海地区轨道尺度气候变化和海平面变化的重要记录,冰期大量接收从出露的渤海沉积物风蚀而来的粉尘而与黄土高原等地的内陆黄土在物源上有很大不同,因此具有重要的研究价值。但与黄土高原黄土相比,山东黄土得到的关注较少,研究程度较低。年代学是开展风成沉积古气候重建的基础,由于受研究方法的制约,山东黄土的年代学研究仍然有很多问题亟待解决。重点总结山东黄土在年代学研究方面的进展,通过分析现有年代的可靠性,提出山东黄土年代学研究存在的问题;认为年代学研究应当成为现阶段山东黄土的研究重点,可通过光释光测年(或者结合26Al/10Be埋藏测年)来建立可靠的年代学框架,为气候变化和地貌演化研究奠定基础;同时围绕年代学研究的核心,提出了山东黄土目前值得关注的几个重要的研究方向。
Abstract:Owing to the large amount of dust input from the exposed Bohai shelf during the glacier periods, the loess in Shandong region has quite different material sources from those on the Chinese Loess Plateau and other inland regions. The Shandong loess is a very important archive for climate and sea level changes in the coastal areas in orbital time-scales. However, it has not raised enough attention so far comparing to the loess at the Loess Plateau. Even though there have been increased input in recent years, they are still less than enough. As we are aware, chronology is the basis for paleoenvironmental reconstruction and geomorphologic studies and the major concern of geologists, it must be prioritized in the future research. After summarizing the published ages of Shandong loess, their reliability is analyzed and some problems about chronology of the Shandong loess proposed in this paper. We suggest that the chronology studies on Shandong loess should focus more on establishment of reliable chronological frameworks with optically stimulated luminescence dating (or combined with 26Al /10Be dating) as the major method. A few important associated scientific questions and suggestions concerning Shandong loess are also proposed in this paper.
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表 1 山东部分黄土剖面释光年代数据及参数
Table 1. Luminescence dating results and parameters of loess in Shandong
剖面 深度/m K/% Th/10-6 U/10-6 含水量% 等效剂量(Gy) 剂量率(Gy/ka) 年代/ka 方法 矿物 粒径/μm 可靠性 LQ[43] 1 2.07 8.73 1.95 109 4.17 26.1 OSL 石英 可靠 2 2.23 7.82 1.65 120 4.13 29.1 OSL 石英 可靠 3 2.11 9.83 1.92 160 4.35 36.7 OSL 石英 基本可靠 4 2.09 9.76 2.05 180 4.45 40.4 OSL 石英 可能低估 5 2.13 11.4 2.31 200 4.75 42.1 OSL 石英 可能低估 6 2.22 9.9 1.67 248 4.42 56.1 OSL 石英 可能低估 7 2.3 10.2 2.09 355 4.61 77 OSL 石英 低估 GG[43] 0.5 2.2 14.3 2.2 50.3±3.8 4.9±0.5 10.2±0.8 OSL 石英 可靠 2.1 2.4 29.6 3.3 >400 7.7±0.8 >50 OSL 石英 低估 BC[43] 2 2.3 11.4 2 103.7±3.5 4.5±0.5 23.1±1.9 OSL 石英 可靠 3.5 2.3 10.9 1.9 119.5±4.4 4.4±0.5 27.6±3.5 OSL 石英 可靠 5 2.4 10.6 1.8 112.5±4.8 4.4±0.5 25.6±3.9 OSL 石英 可靠 6.5 2.5 11.4 1.9 213.5±17.5 4.6±0.5 46.3±5.5 OSL 石英 可能低估 XLZ[13] 3.5 2.54 131.62±3.15 4.91 26.83±0.64 OSL 石英 4~11 可靠 7.5 3.09 145.00±3.01 4.17 34.80±0.72 OSL 石英 4~11 可靠 TJ[13] 1 2.66 102.62±1.59 4.93 20.73±0.32 OSL 石英 4~11 可靠 6.6 2.54 299.05±9.75 4.67 64.01±2.09 OSL 石英 4~11 低估 BHC[43] 1 2.5 8.8 1.7 49.8±5.8 4.2±0.4 11.8±1.4 OSL 石英 90~300 可靠 2.7 2.4 9.3 1.7 50.9±3.4 4.2±0.4 12.1±0.8 OSL 石英 90~300 可靠 4.2 2.3 10.3 1.9 106.4±3.7 4.0±0.4 24.6±0.9 OSL 石英 90~300 可靠 6.2 2.3 9.5 1.7 80.2±3.8 4.1±0.4 19.4±0.9 OSL 石英 90~300 可靠 YS[43] 0.5 2.2 14.1 1.8 41.5±4.0 4.7±0.5 8.9±0.9 OSL 石英 90~300 可靠 2.2 2.2 29.7 1.5 57.8±4.0 7.1±0.7 8.0±0.6 OSL 石英 90~300 可靠 3.6 2.2 10.6 1.9 76.9±4.2 4.2±0.4 18.1±1.0 OSL 石英 90~300 可靠 XJY[44] 0.8 2.4 11.5 2 66.2±4.1 4.6±0.5 14.4±1.0 OSL 石英 90~300 可靠 2.5 2.2 11.3 1.9 92.2±4.4 4.3±0.4 21.4±1.1 OSL 石英 90~300 可靠 3.9 2.1 10.1 1.9 211.8±10.8 4.1±0.4 51.8±2.6 OSL 石英 90~300 可能低估 ZL[40] 1 1.38 9.08 2.47 82.9±1.0 3.1±0.4 26.9±3.6 OSL 石英 90~300 可靠 2.2 1.03 5.99 2.55 130.9±2.9 2.7±0.3 47.5±1.6 OSL 石英 90~300 可靠 2.4 1.09 6.39 2.51 141.5±5.3 2.8±0.6 50.5±1.9 OSL 石英 90~300 可靠 6.6 1.77 10.26 2.56 354.5±29.3 3.5±0.4 101.2±8.8 OSL 石英 90~300 低估 8.2 1.14 7.27 2.77 308.9±23.1 3.0±0.3 106.5±7.7 OSL 石英 90~300 低估 9.1 1.71 9.71 2.75 391.1±7.3 3.5±0.4 112.5±8.3 OSL 石英 90~300 低估 10.6 1.53 9.26 2.62 366.7±41.6 3.3±0.3 111.9±12.4 OSL 石英 90~300 低估 11.6 0.98 8.41 2.82 291.7±40.6 2.9±0.2 99.7±13.6 OSL 石英 90~300 低估 12.9 0.84 6.23 2.82 >400 2.7±0.3 >100 OSL 石英 90~300 低估 14 0.91 6.93 2.83 >400 2.8±0.3 >100 OSL 石英 90~300 低估 LGZ[20] 1.4 2.4 135.91±13.9 5.725 23.74±2.44 OSL 石英 4~11 可靠 5.7 2.62 386.24±25.6 5.256 73.49±4.87 OSL 石英 4~11 低估 QZ[11] 2.1 2.18 10.64±0.23 2.09±0.21 22 33.0±1.0 3.40±0.11 9.7±0.4 OSL 石英 可靠 7.1 1.76 10.17±0.22 1.92±0.20 22 219.4±11.2 2.93±0.10 74.8±4.6 OSL 石英 可能低估 10.5 2.04 11.55±0.25 2.06±0.22 22 608.0±3.0 3.29±0.11 185.1±6.5 OSL 石英 低估 BX[38] 0.5 2.4 12.5 2.4 11 4.4±0.5 4.4±0.5 1.0±0.1 OSL 石英 可靠 1.1 2.3 14.9 3 8 68.7±5.0 5.2±0.6 13.2±1.0 OSL 石英 可靠 2.1 2.4 11.2 2.1 15 62.7±15.1 4.4±0.5 14.1±3.4 OSL 石英 可靠 3.1 2.5 12.8 2.4 15 69.5±5.6 4.8±0.5 14.4±1.5 OSL 石英 可靠 4.1 2.7 13.9 2.3 20 84.7±7.6 5.0±0.5 17.1±1.6 OSL 石英 可靠 5.1 2.6 13.6 2.3 21 95.7±13.3 5.0±0.5 19.4±2.7 OSL 石英 可靠 6.1 2.4 11.5 2.1 15 112.7±15.4 4.7±0.5 24.1±3.3 OSL 石英 可靠 7.6 2.5 10.5 1.9 21 131.7±5.8 4.4±0.4 30.0±3.5 OSL 石英 可靠 9.6 2.3 12.7 2.3 17 159.7±5.6 4.6±0.5 34.8±1.2 OSL 石英 基本可靠 13.1 2.6 13.9 2.7 23 203.1±8.8 5.1±0.5 39.2±1.8 OSL 石英 可能低估 QZ[9] L1底 1.61 12.82 1.24 4.2 209.3 3.07 68±5 TL 未知 L2底 1.7 19.89 3.7 4.9 1 046.5 4.6 227±18 TL 不可信 L3底 2.21 23 0.55 3.8 1 524.9 4.82 313±25 TL 不可信 L5底 1.75 21.7 1.69 3.8 2 272.4 5.15 441±35 TL 不可信 L6下 1.81 16.63 1.17 3.4 2 810.2 4.8 585±46 TL 不可信 L9上 1.96 14.76 1.62 4.6 3 049.8 3.84 793±64 TL 不可信 淄河店[9] L1底 1.55 13.2 2.76 4.5 508.3 3.54 143±11 TL 不可信 L2底 1.64 13.5 1.61 4.6 897 3.7 242±19 TL 不可信 龙桥[9] L5底 1.7 9.3 2.04 4.5 5554.8 3.28 474±38 TL 不可信 山旺[9] L2底 2.28 13.28 2.6 3.2 890 4.18 213±15 TL 不可信 L3底 1.8 8.76 2.25 3.3 1 042.8 3.22 324±28 TL 不可信 下朱潘[9] L3上 1.98 16.8 1.38 5 926.9 3.76 250±19 TL 不可信 铜井[9] L8顶 1.91 8.96 2.01 3.8 2 780.8 3.84 724±58 TL 不可信 长岛[9] L2上 1.6 11.54 1.96 5.2 508.3 3.2 158±12 TL 不可信 -
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