钻孔岩心游离气对天然气水合物成因的指示意义

黄霞; 王平康; 肖睿; 庞守吉; 张帅; 祝有海

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2017.05.008

钻孔岩心游离气对天然气水合物成因的指示意义

中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心，北京 100083

基金项目:
国家自然科学基金项目(41202099)

详细信息

作者简介: 黄霞(1982—)，女，博士，副研究员，地质学专业，主要从事油气地质地球化学勘查研究，E-mail：huangxia@live.com

通讯作者: 王平康(1982—)，男，硕士，副研究员，沉积学专业，主要从事天然气水合物调查研究，E-mail：wangpk@cags.ac.cn

中图分类号: P618.13

周立君编辑

收稿日期: 2017-08-15

修回日期: 2017-08-30

刊出日期: 2017-05-28

DETECTING GAS ORIGIN WITH FREE GAS FROM HYDRATE DRILLING CORE

Oil and Gas Survey, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100083, China

More Information

Corresponding author: WANG Pingkang, wangpk@cags.ac.cn

Received Date: 15 August 2017

Revised Date: 30 August 2017

Publish Date: 28 May 2017

摘要

摘要:
中国是世界上少数几个同时在海域和陆域冻土区取得天然气水合物找矿突破的国家，这为我国天然气水合物成矿气源研究提供了良好的研究条件。本文通过对南海神狐海域及祁连山冻土区不同层位、不同赋存状态的水合物气体数据进行分析，研究了各层位烃类气体的地球化学特征，并探讨其成因。研究结果表明，海域和陆域钻孔岩心游离气与水合物气具有基本一致的气体组分特征和同位素特征，表明气体成因类型相同。同一钻孔中，气体随埋深不同表现出不同的气体组分特征，甲烷碳同位素显示负偏，均表明气体存在垂向运移。岩心游离气对水合物成因类型判识具有指示意义，可作为判识水合物或潜在水合物成因类型的一种有效方法。
- 游离气 /
- 天然气水合物 /
- 成因类型
Abstract:
China is one of the few countries in the world which have made breakthroughs in discovery of gas hydrate in both offshore and inland.It has therefore provided good platforms for study of gas origins.In this paper, we collected the data from different layers and different occurrences of the Shenhu area, South China Sea and the permafrost region in the Qilian Mountains.Geochemical studies of hydrocarbon gas are carried out for gas origin.Our results indicate that free gas from drilling cores is of significance and effective to the identification of genetic-type and origin of gas hydrates.If the composition and isotopic characteristics of the free gas are identified with the gas hydrate, it indicates a consistent gas origin.However, if there shows difference in gas composition characteristics and that there is negative deviation of methane carbon isotope in a vertical sequence for the same hole, it means there is vertical migration.As the conclusion, free gas can provide effective information for identifying hydrate or its genetic types.
- free gas /
- gas hydrates /
- genetic type

HTML全文

图 1 神狐海域水合物气和岩心游离气δ¹³C₁与C₁/(C₂+C₃)投点图

Figure 1.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 神狐海域水合物气和岩心游离气甲烷碳和氢同位素值投点图

Figure 2.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 祁连山冻土区不同层位水合物气和岩心游离气成因类型

Figure 3.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 陆域祁连山冻土区水合物钻孔R值随深度变化

Figure 4.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 南海神狐钻探区甲烷同位素及其烃类气体组分

Table 1. Methane isotope and C₁/(C₂+C₃)value of samples from Shenhu area, South China Sea

样品类型	样品编号	采样深度/m	δ¹³C₁ /‰，PDB	δD/‰， VSMOW	C₁/ (C₂+C₃)
水合物气	SH2B-12R	197~198	-56.7	-199	912
水合物气	SH3B-13P	190~191	-60.9	-191	1 094
岩心游离气	SH3B-7P	123~124	-62.2	-225	1 374
岩心游离气	SH5C-11R	114~115	-54.1	-180	2 447

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 祁连山冻土区天然气水合物分布及样品采集信息

Table 2. Gas hydrate distribution in Qilian Mountain permafrost and samples information

孔号	层位	深度/m	水合物层位	储集层主要岩性	水合物样品数	岩心游离气样品数
DK-1	Ⅰ1	133.5~135.5	裂隙、孔隙型水合物层	细砂岩	1
	Ⅰ2	142.9~147.7	裂隙型水合物层	粉砂岩	1
	Ⅰ3	165.3~165.5	裂隙型水合物层	粉砂岩	1
	Ⅰ4	169.0~170.5	水合物异常层	粉砂岩
DK-2			其他层		1	4
	Ⅱ1	144.4~152.0	裂隙、孔隙型水合物层	中砂岩，细砂岩	2	1
	Ⅱ2	152.3~156.6	裂隙型水合物层	油页岩
	Ⅱ3	235.0~291.3	裂隙型水合物层	油页岩，泥岩	8	1
			其他层		3	3
	Ⅱ4	377.3~387.5	水合物异常层	油页岩，中砂岩	1	1
			其他层			2
DK-3	Ⅲ1	133.0~156.0	裂隙型水合物层	泥岩，油页岩	1
	Ⅲ2	225.1~240.0	裂隙型水合物层	泥岩，油页岩
	Ⅲ3	367.7~396.0	水合物异常层	细砂岩，粉砂岩	1
DK-5	Ⅴ1	111.5~124.5	水合物异常层	泥岩，油页岩
			其他层			13
	Ⅴ2	231.56~234.46	水合物异常层	粉砂岩		1
			其他层			2
	Ⅴ3	274.0~310.0	水合物异常层	泥岩，粉砂岩，细砂岩		1
			其他层			10
DK-6			其他层			4
	Ⅵ1	133.81~213.4	水合物异常层	泥岩，油页岩，粉砂岩		10
	Ⅵ2	245.8~280.0	水合物异常层	粉砂岩，油页岩		1
DK-8			其他层		1
	Ⅷ1	147.8~155.93	水合物异常层	细砂岩	1
			其他层		1
	Ⅷ2	171.56~175.01	裂隙型水合物层	泥岩，油页岩
			其他层		1
	Ⅷ3	226.26~236.46	裂隙型水合物层	泥岩，油页岩
	Ⅷ4	265.94~291.24	裂隙、孔隙型水合物层	泥岩，油页岩，泥质粉砂岩	2
	Ⅷ5	301.84~304.28	水合物异常层	泥质粉砂岩

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(41)

[1]	Kvenvolden K A.Methane hydrate-a major reservoir of carbon in the shallow geosphere[J].Chemical Geology, 1988, 71(1-3): 41-51. doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(88)90104-0
[2]	Sloan E D.Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases[M].2nd ed.New York, USA: Marcel Dekker Inc., 1998.
[3]	Makogon Y F, Holditch S A, Makogon T Y.Natural gas-hydrates-a potential energy source for the 21st century[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2007, 56(1-3): 14-31. doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2005.10.009
[4]	付少英.烃类成因对天然气水合物成藏的控制[J].地学前缘, 2005, 12(3): 263-267. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-2321.2005.03.029 FU Shaoying.Gas origin constraint on the formation of gas hydrate[J].Earth Science Frontiers, 2005, 12(3): 263-267. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-2321.2005.03.029
[5]	付少英.海底沉积物中不同形式烃类气体的地球化学意义[J].地学前缘, 2005, 12(3): 253-257. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-2321.2005.03.027 FU Shaoying.Characteristics of the different hydrocarbon gases in marine sediments and their geochemical significances[J].Earth Science Frontiers, 2005, 12(3): 253-257. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-2321.2005.03.027
[6]	祝有海, 张永勤, 文怀军, 等.青海祁连山冻土区发现天然气水合物[J].地质学报, 2009, 83(11): 1762-1771. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5717.2009.11.018 ZHU Youhai, ZHANG Yongqin, WEN Huaijun, et al.Gas hydrates in the Qilian mountain permafrost, Qinghai, northwest China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica, 2009, 83(11): 1762-1771. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5717.2009.11.018
[7]	Lorenson T D, Claypool G E, Dougherty J A.Natural gas geochemistry of sediments drilled on the 2005 Gulf of Mexico JIP cruise[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2008, 25(9): 873-883. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.017
[8]	Milkov A V, Dickens G R, Claypool G E, et al.Co-existence of gas hydrate, free gas, and brine within the regional gas hydrate stability zone at Hydrate Ridge (Oregon margin): evidence from prolonged degassing of a pressurized core[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2004, 222(3-4): 829-843. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.03.028
[9]	林晓英, 曾溅辉.天然气水合物形成过程中的气体组分分异及地质启示[J].现代地质, 2010, 24(6): 1157-1163. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2010.06.018 LIN Xiaoying, ZENG Jianhui.Gas composition differentiation during natural gas hydrate formation and its geological significance[J].Geoscience, 2010, 24(6): 1157-1163. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2010.06.018
[10]	Waseda A, Uchida T.Origin of methane in natural gas hydrates from the Mackenzie Delta and Nankai Trough[C]//Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Hiyoshi, 2002: 174.
[11]	Collett T S, Bird K J, Magoon L B.Subsurface temperatures and geothermal gradients on the north slope of Alaska[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology, 1993, 21(3): 275-293. doi: 10.1016/0165-232X(93)90071-F
[12]	Collett T S, Ginsburg G D.Gas hydrates in the Messoyakha gas field of the West Siberian Basin-re examination of the geologic evidence[C]//Proceedings of the 1997 7th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference.Honolulu, HI, USA: ISOPE, 1997: 96-103.
[13]	Bernard B, Brooks J M, Sackett W M.A geochemical model for characterization of hydrocarbon gas sources in marine sediments[C]//Offshore Technology Conference.Houston: OTC, 1977: 435-438.
[14]	黄霞, 祝有海, 王平康, 等.祁连山冻土区天然气水合物烃类气体组分的特征和成因[J].地质通报, 2011, 30(12): 1851-1856. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2011.12.006 HUANG Xia, ZHU Youhai, WANG Pingkang, et al.Hydrocarbon gas composition and origin of core gas from the gas hydrate reservoir in Qilian Mountain permafrost[J].Geological Bulletin of China, 2011, 30(12): 1851-1856. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2011.12.006
[15]	卢振权, 祝有海, 张永勤, 等.青海祁连山冻土区天然气水合物的气体成因研究[J].现代地质, 2011, 24(3): 581-588. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2011.03.021 LU Zhenquan, ZHU Youhai, ZHANG Yongqin, et al.Study on genesis of gases from gas hydrate in the Qilian mountain permafrost, Qinghai[J].Geoscience, 2011, 24(3): 581-588. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2011.03.021
[16]	卢振权, 祝有海, 张永勤, 等.青海祁连山冻土区天然气水合物的气源条件及其指示意义[J].矿床地质, 2013, 32(5): 1035-1044. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-7106.2013.05.015 LU Zhenquan, ZHU Youhai, ZHANG Yongqin, et al.Gas source conditions for gas hydrate in Qilian mountain permafrost of Qinghai and their implications[J].Mineral Deposits, 2013, 32(5): 1035-1044. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-7106.2013.05.015
[17]	刘昌岭, 贺行良, 孟庆国, 等.祁连山冻土区天然气水合物分解气碳氢同位素组成特征[J].岩矿测试, 2012, 31(3): 489-494. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0254-5357.2012.03.020 LIU Changling, HE Xingliang, MENG Qingguo, et al.Carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions characteristics of the released gas from natural gas hydrates in the Qilian mountain permafrost[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2012, 31(3): 489-494. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0254-5357.2012.03.020
[18]	唐世琪, 卢振权, 饶竹, 等.祁连山冻土区天然气水合物岩心顶空气组分与同位素的指示意义--以DK-9孔为例[J].地质通报, 2015, 34(5): 961-971. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2015.05.016 TANG Shiqi, LU Zhenquan, RAO Zhu, et al.The indicative significance of gas composition and isotopes of headspace gases from the gas hydrate drilling core in the Qilian Mountain permafrost: a case study of well DK-9[J].Geological Bulletin of China, 2015, 34(5): 961-971. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2015.05.016
[19]	Weinberger J L, Brown K M.Fracture networks and hydrate distribution at Hydrate Ridge, Oregon[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2006, 245(1-2): 123-136. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.03.012
[20]	吴时国, 龚跃华, 米立军, 等.南海北部深水盆地油气渗漏系统及天然气水合物成藏机制研究[J].现代地质, 2010, 24(3): 433-440. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2010.03.003 WU Shiguo, GONG Yuehua, MI Lijun, et al.Study on hydrocarbon leakage system and associated gas hydrate reservoirs in the deepwater basin of northern South China Sea[J].Geoscience, 2010, 24(3): 433-440. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2010.03.003
[21]	Yang S X, Zhang M, Liang J Q, et al.Preliminary results of China's third gas hydrate drilling expedition: a critical step from discovery to development in the South China Sea[J].Fire in the Ice, 2015, 15(2): 1-21.
[22]	Yang S X, Zhang H Q, Wu N Y, et al.High concentration hydrate in disseminated forms obtained in Shenhu area, north slope of South China Sea[C]//Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Gas Hydrates.Vancouver, British Columbia: CANADA, 2008: 10.
[23]	吴能友, 张海啟, 杨胜雄, 等.南海神狐海域天然气水合物成藏系统初探[J].天然气工业, 2007, 27(9): 1-6. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0976.2007.09.001 WU Nengyou, ZHANG Haiqi, YANG Shengxiong, et al.Preliminary discussion on natural gas hydrate (NGH) reservoir system of Shenhu area, North slope of South China Sea[J].Natural Gas Industry, 2007, 27(9): 1-6. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0976.2007.09.001
[24]	吴能友, 梁金强, 王宏斌, 等.海洋天然气水合物成藏系统研究进展[J].现代地质, 2008, 22(3): 356-362. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2008.03.003 WU Nengyou, LIANG Jinqiang, WANG Hongbin, et al.Marine gas hydrate system: state of the art[J].Geoscience, 2008, 22(3): 356-362. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2008.03.003
[25]	冯益民.祁连造山带研究概况--历史、现状及展望[J].地球科学进展, 1997, 12(4): 307-314. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8166.1997.04.001 FENG Yimin.Investigatory summary of the Qilian orogenic belt, China: history, presence and prospect[J].Advance in Earth Sciences, 1997, 12(4): 307-314. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8166.1997.04.001
[26]	符俊辉, 周立发.南祁连盆地石炭-侏罗纪地层区划及石油地质特征[J].西北地质科学, 1998, 19(2): 47-54. http://www.cqvip.com/Main/Detail.aspx?id=3290437 FU Junhui, ZHOU Lifa.Carboniferous-Jurassic stratigraphic provinces of the southern Qilian Basin and their petro-geological features[J].Northwest Geoscience, 1998, 19(2): 47-54. http://www.cqvip.com/Main/Detail.aspx?id=3290437
[27]	符俊辉, 周立发.南祁连盆地三叠纪地层及石油地质特征[J].西北地质科学, 2000, 21(2): 64-72. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xbdzkx200002008 FU Junhui, ZHOU Lifa.Triassic stratigraphic provinces of the southern Qilian Basin and their petro-geological features[J].Northwest Geoscience, 2000, 21(2): 64-72. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xbdzkx200002008
[28]	FU Shaoying, LU Jing'an.The characteristics and origin of gas hydrate in Shenhu area, South China Sea[J].Marine Geology Letters, 2010, 26(9): 6-10. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=30a22c8f70aeaf25d89cc6da09ed0264&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
[29]	Zhu Y H, Huang X, Fu S Y, et al.Gas sources of natural gas hydrates in the Shenhu drilling area, South China Sea: geochemical evidence and geological analysis[J].Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 2013, 87(3): 767-776. doi: 10.1111/1755-6724.12088
[30]	Wu N Y, Zhang H Q, Yang S X, et al.Gas hydrate system of Shenhu area, northern South China Sea: Geochemical results[J].Journal of Geological Research, 2011, 2011: 370298, doi: 10.1155/2011/370298.
[31]	卢振权, 祝有海, 张永勤, 等.青海省祁连山冻土区天然气水合物存在的主要证据[J].现代地质, 2010, 24(2): 329-336. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2010.02.018 LU Zhenquan, ZHU Youhai, ZHANG Yongqin, et al.Major evidence for gas hydrate existence in the Qilian permafrost, Qinghai[J].Geoscience, 2010, 24(2): 329-336. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2010.02.018
[32]	Zhang S C, Zhu G Y.Natural gas origins of large and medium-scale gas fields in China sedimentary basins[J].Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 2008, 51(S1): 1-13. doi: 10.1007/s11430-008-5013-1
[33]	Lorenson T D, Collett T S.Gas content and composition of gas hydrate from sediments of the southeastern North American continental margin[C]//Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results.College Station, TX, 2000, 164: 37-46.
[34]	Matsumoto R, Hiromatsu M, Sato M.Fluid flow and evolution of gas hydrate mounds of Joetsu Basin, eastern margin of Japan Sea: constraints from high-resolution geophysical survey by AUV[C]//Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Gas Hydrate.Edinburgh: ICGH, 2011: 17-21.
[35]	Boigk H, Hagemann H W, Stahl W, et al.Isotopic physical studies[J].Erdoel und Kohle, Erdgas, Petrochemie vereinigt mit Brennstoff-Chemie, 1976, 29(3): 103-112. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/NSTLQK/NSTL_QKJJ025851397/
[36]	James A T.Correlation of reservoired gases using the carbon isotopic compositions of wet gas components (1)[J].AAPG Bulletin, 1990, 74(9): 1441-1458. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=ba6d39d01148ff3439d50ed170548ce9&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
[37]	Reitsema R H, Kaltenback A J, Lindberg F A.Source and migration of light hydrocarbons indicated by carbon isotopic ratios[J].AAPG Bulletin, 1981, 65(9): 1536-1542. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=c12be42c54386b1bb17bd52d45edb468&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
[38]	Shamsuddin A H M, Khan S I.Geochemical criteria of migration of natural gases in the Miocene sediments of the Bengal Foredeep, Bangladesh[J].Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences, 1991, 5(1-4): 89-100. doi: 10.1016/0743-9547(91)90016-Q
[39]	Stahl W J.Carbon and nitrogen isotopes in hydrocarbon research and exploration[J].Chemical Geology, 1977, 20: 121-149. doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(77)90041-9
[40]	陈安定, 李剑锋.天然气运移的地球化学指标研究[J].天然气地球科学, 1994, 5(4): 38-67. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/syktykf201704008 CHEN Anding, LI Jianfeng.Research on geochemical indicators of natural gas migration[J].Natural Gas Geoscience, 1994, 5(4): 38-67. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/syktykf201704008
[41]	卢振权, 吴必豪, 祝有海.南海潜在天然气水合物藏的成因及形成模式初探[J].矿床地质, 2002, 21(3): 232-239. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-7106.2002.03.003 LU Zhenquan, WU Bihao, ZHU Youhai.Preliminary discussion on origin and formation of potential gas hydrates in South China Sea[J].Mineral Deposits, 2002, 21(3): 232-239. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-7106.2002.03.003