Prestack three-term seismic inversion for prediction of Carboniferous-lower Permian carbonate reservoir on the Central uplift of South Yellow Sea basin
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摘要:
崂山隆起为南黄海盆地的构造稳定区, 中-古生代海相地层存在较好的油气前景，但其构造复杂，地震资料信噪比低等缘故制约了油气勘探进程。该文采用类比方法，运用相同沉积演化历史环境的四川盆地测井和地震资料作为研究样本，分析碳酸盐岩储层测井和地震响应特征，建立南黄海古生界海相碳酸盐岩地震相和储层分布特征。根据简化的Zoeppritz方程引入岩石弹性模量，对南黄海崂山隆起地震测线进行叠前三参数反演，获得相对密度、体积模量和剪切模量数据体，沿着研究目的层提取以上3种属性参数进行3D聚类分析，再反投到地震剖面上获得地震相，在地震相的控制下再次进行聚类交互，分别获得各地震相下有利储层的空间分布情况。通过分析，南黄海崂山隆起下二叠世和石炭纪时期主要发育局限台地相、开阔台地相、台地边缘浅滩相和台地边缘生物礁相4种沉积相，相应发育岩溶型白云储层和礁、滩相储层，储层受沉积环境影响较大，但后期的构造运动对储层孔隙也有一定的改造作用。
Abstract:The Central Uplift of the South Yellow Sea Basin is a stable tectonic unit, of which the Mesozoic- Paleozoic marine deposits are expected as possible oil and gas prospects. However, oil and gas exploration is limited up to date due to complex structure and lack of high quality seismic data. Following the principles of comparative geology, well logging and seismic data from the Sichuan Basin are adopted in this paper as a reference for comparison, where the evolution of depositional environment is similar to the South Yellow Sea Basin to certain extent. We analyzed the logging and seismic responses of the carbonate reservoirs and worked out the seismic facies and reservoir distribution pattern of the Paleozoic marine facies in the South Yellow Sea Basin by application of prestack three-term seismic inversion based on simplified Zoeppritz equation. Extracted are the data of relative density, volume modulus and shear modulus. The three kinds of seismic attributes mentioned above are then extracted from the target layer for 3D clustering analysis, which is used for classification of seismic facies in the seismic profiles. Under the control of different seismic facies, 3D clustering interactions is performed for the three-term seismic parameters, and obtained is the favorable reservoir space. Based on above mentioned analysis, it is found that in the Late Permian and Carboniferous period there mainly developed the four kinds of facies as restricted platform, open platform, platform edge bank and platform edge reefs. And the reservoirs of karstic dolomite, reef and carbonate flat will develop on the Central Uplift of the South Yellow Sea Basin. Sedimentary environment has great impact to reservoir characteristics, but the later tectonic movement will render certain effect on the reservoir pore space.
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表 1 基质弹性模量的理论值 (据文献[34])
Table 1. Theoretical value of matrix modulus of elasticity (from reference [34])
弹性参数 白云岩基质 灰岩基质 Vpm/(m/s) 7340 6640 Vsm/(m/s) 3960 3440 ρm/(g/cc) 2.87 2.71 μm/Gpa 45 32 κm/Gpa 94.9 76.8 
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表 2 Wyllie时间平均方程回归的基质弹性模量
Table 2. Matrix elastic modulus after Wyllie time average equation regression
弹性参数 白云岩基质 灰岩基质 Vpm/(m/s) 6885.3 6338.9 Vsm/(m/s) 3567.8 3204.9 ρm/(g/cc) 2.7888 2.6942 μm/Gpa 35.4992 27.1901 κm/Gpa 90.756 86.536
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