Characters of pre-salt lacustrine carbonate reservoir, Santos Basin, Brazil
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摘要:
巴西盐下湖相碳酸盐岩是现今海外油气勘探的热点领域, 但中国关于该类储层特征的研究相对薄弱。通过综合应用岩心、薄片、物性测试等资料, 系统研究了储层岩石类型、储集空间类型、储层物性特征、成岩作用类型及其对物性的影响情况。研究表明微生物灰岩和生物碎屑灰岩是盆地的主要储层类型, 其中微生物灰岩由叠层石和鲕粒灰岩互层组成, 生物碎屑灰岩由贝壳灰岩组成。盐下微生物灰岩储层的孔隙类型以溶孔、晶间孔、粒间孔等次生孔隙和受过改造的原生孔隙为主; 生物碎屑灰岩储层的孔隙类型以铸模孔、溶孔、溶洞及晶间孔为主。盐下湖相碳酸盐岩储层整体物性较好, 具有中-高孔渗特征; 白云岩化和溶蚀作用是改善盐下湖相碳酸盐岩储层的主要成岩作用类型, 储层主要处于中成岩阶段, 少量处于早成岩阶段。
Abstract:Exploration in pre-salt lacustrine carbonate rocks has been one of the hottest topics for recent years in oil-gas industry.However, the study of the characters of such type of reservoir remains relatively poor.Based on drilling-cores, thin sections, physical property data, etc., this paper comprehensively investigated reservoirs petrological characteristics, porosity space types, physical properties, diagenesis and their effects.It shows that microbilite and bioclastic limestone are dominant reservoir rocks.The former consists of stromatolite and oolite and the latter of coquina.The major porosity types in microbialite include secondary porosity, such as dissolved pores, intercrystalline pores, interparticle pores, and diagenetic-altered pores.And the coquina is dominated by moldic pores, dissolved pores, vugs and intercrystalline pores.Pre-salt lacustrine carbonate usually has medium-high porosity and permeability.It also suggests that both dolomitization and dissolution have positive influences on reservoir properties.The reservoir rocks are mainly iformed under meso-diagenesis, except a few which may remain in the stage of early diagenesis.
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Key words:
- lacustrine carbonate /
- reservoir character /
- Brazil /
- Santos Basin
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表 1 桑托斯盆地盐下碳酸盐岩储层物性统计
Table 1. Reservoir physical properties for pre-salt carbonate rocks in Santos Basin
岩石类型 孔隙度/% 渗透率/mD 样品数 最大孔隙度 最小孔隙度 平均孔隙度 最大渗透率 最小渗透率 平均渗透率 微生物灰岩 26.5 1 11.2 2540 0.01 91.2 107 生物碎屑灰岩 30 0.8 15.3 1180 0.01 80.1 130 
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表 2 桑托斯盆地盐下碳酸盐岩成岩作用类型及特征
Table 2. Diagenetic types and characters in Santos pre-salt carbonate
成岩作用类型 特征 强度 对孔隙的影响 白云岩化作用 基质白云岩化，颗粒白云岩化 强 形成晶间孔 溶浊作用 颗粒和基质的溶浊，溶蚀扩大孔 中一强 形成溶蚀孔 硅化作用 石英交代碳酸盐，硅质胶结物 中一强 破坏孔隙 重结晶作用 颗粒重结晶，基质重结晶 中 破坏孔隙 胶结作用 碳酸盐、硅质胶结物 中 破坏孔隙 压实压溶作用 颗粒接触、变形、破裂 弱一中 破坏孔隙 去白云岩化作用 方解石、硅质交代白云石 弱一中 破坏孔隙
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