Analysis and characterization of sandstone reservoir architecture in middle and late stages of offshore oilfield development
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摘要:
在油田开发中后期，砂层组或小层级别的砂岩储层内部构型剖析与表征逐渐成为储层研究的重点。在少井条件下充分挖掘地震资料信息，建立储层内部结构特征的地震响应关系，发展“以地震信息为导向，井震联合”的方法，成为海上油田储层构型研究的有效途径。通过井点处曲线形态、砂体厚度、垂向高程差异等信息对砂体期次的刻画，以及结构类敏感地震属性对砂体边界的预测，开展复合砂体的垂向分期与侧向划界，能够实现储层构型的剖析。结合海上油田的资料基础和开发特点，形成一套储层构型的结构和成因表征方法：分析沉积类型及其对砂体展布的控制机理，构建沉积模式；优选敏感地震属性，预测储层内部结构；标定井震资料的地质含义并转化为合理参数；综合多信息编制地质图件。
Abstract:In the middle and late stages of oilfield development, analysis of internal architecture and characterization of sandstone reservoirs in a sandy sequence are significant to reservoir research. Under the circumstance of less well data, the effective way for offshore oilfield to carry out reservoir architecture research is to follow the principle of “well-seismic integration” “under the guidance of seismic survey” , established on the seismic response model to the internal structure characteristics of reservoirs. In order to effectively carry out reservoir research, it is required to make clear the vertical division of sequences using the shape of logging curves, sand body thickness and vertical elevation difference, and lateral recognition of boundaries for composite sand bodies, which are defined with structure sensitive seismic attributes. Combined with the data from development stage, we proposed in this paper a set of reservoir structure characterization and genetic characterization methods. Firstly, sedimentary models are constructed by revealing the types of sediments and controlling mechanism of sand body distribution; Secondly, internal structure of the reservoir is predicted by comparing and optimizing sensitive seismic attributes; Thirdly, well seismic data is transformed into reasonable parameters with clear geological meanings; Finally, geological maps are compiled by integration of multiple factors.
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表 1 碎屑沉积地质体构型级次（据文献[18]修改）
Table 1. Architecture hierarchies in clastic deposits（modified from reference [18]）
构型尺度 构型界面级别 构型单元（以河流相为例） Miall界面分级 经典层序地层分级 基准面旋回分级 油层对比单元分级 层序构型 1级 叠合盆地充填复合体 巨层序 2级 盆地充填复合体 超层序 3级 盆地充填体 8 层序 长期 含油层系 4级 体系域 7 准层序组 中期 油层组 5级 叠置河流沉积体 6 准层序 短期 砂组/小层 6级 河流沉积体 层组 超短期 单层 相构型 7级 曲流带/辫流带 5 层 8级 点坝/心滩坝 4 9级 增生体 3 层理构型 10级 层系组 2 纹层组 11级 层系 1 12级 纹层 0 纹层 
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表 2 海上油田河流相复合砂体构型分级（据文献[2]修改）
Table 2. Hierarchies of a fluvial composite sandbody architecture（modified from reference [2]）
级别 构型单元 时间规模/a 典型厚度/m 界面特征/
构造标志与油组对比 Vail层序
地层分级Miall界面
分级1 叠合盆地充填复合体 108～109① 全球板块运动不整合 巨层序 2 盆地充填复合体 107～108② 区域不整合 超层序 9 3 盆地充填体 106～107①② 不整合面和与其相应的整合面 含油层系 层序 8 4 大型沉积体系 105～106 沉积相间 油层组 准层序组 7 5 复合河道带 104～105 ＞5 沉积亚相间 砂层组 准层序 6 6 单一河道带 104 0.5～3 河道间界面 单砂层/小层 层组 5 7 复合点坝 103～104 0.5～2 砂层组界面 8 点坝 102～103 0.5～2 界面平缓上凹，冲刷充填，底部见砾石 层 4 9 侧积体 1～10② 0.3～1 侧向增生界面 3 10 层理 10-3～10-1 0.1～0.2 层理界面 纹层 0～2 ① Mitchun Van Wagoner, 1991；② Miall, 1996。
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表 3 分流砂坝型浅水三角洲的沉积参数
Table 3. Sedimentary parameters of distributary sandbar type shallow water delta
沉积相 亚相 微相 岩性 表征属性 浅水三角洲 浅水三角洲平原 分流砂坝 砂岩 强振幅 分流间湾 粉砂岩、泥岩 弱振幅 主干河道 砂岩 结构属性1 分支河道 砂岩、粉砂岩 结构属性2
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