基于矢量面元的弱信号恢复技术在低信噪比资料处理中的应用

周凡; 邓利峰; 徐洪斌

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2021033102

基于矢量面元的弱信号恢复技术在低信噪比资料处理中的应用

1.
中海石油（中国）有限公司海南分公司，海口 570000

2.
北京东方联创地球物理技术有限公司，北京 100029

基金项目: 中海石油（中国）有限公司重大项目“南海西部油田上产2000万方关键技术研究”（CNOOC-KJ135ZDXM38ZJ02ZJ）

详细信息

作者简介: 周凡（1985—），男，硕士，工程师，主要从事海洋油气勘探研究，E-mail：Zhoufan3@cnooc.com.cn

通讯作者: 徐洪斌（1971—），男，主要从事油气勘探研究，E-mail：east_union@163.com

中图分类号: P631

收稿日期: 2021-03-31

修回日期: 2021-05-18

刊出日期: 2021-12-28

Application of weak signal recovery technique based on vector bin to low signal-to-noise ratio data processing

1.
Hainan Branch Company of CNOOC (China) Ltd, Haikou 570000, China

2.
Beijing Oriental Union Geophysical Co. Ltd, Beijing 100029, China

More Information

Corresponding author: XU Hongbin, east_union@163.com

Received Date: 31 March 2021

Revised Date: 18 May 2021

Publish Date: 28 December 2021

摘要

摘要:
受地表条件和地震波激发、传播以及接收条件等诸多因素的影响，地震记录上往往会出现各种严重的干扰波，这些噪声给弱有效反射波信息的利用带来了极为不利的影响。基于矢量面元的弱信号恢复技术可恢复还原被噪声淹没的弱信号，压制噪声效果好。该技术将每一个CMP目标道都形成一个对应的矢量面元道集，利用矢量面元道集内具有规则波同相轴成水平状或准水平状的重要特征，采用希尔伯特变换将矢量面元道集转换为复数域矢量面元余弦相位函数道集，通过直接获得水平同相轴，以实现信噪分离。实际应用结果表明：该技术可实现有效弱反射波的精确恢复，可提高速度分析、叠加及偏移成像等分析处理的品质，处理成果的信噪比和保幅性高。
- 矢量面元 /
- 弱信号恢复 /
- 波场分离 /
- 去噪处理 /
- 低信噪比 /
- 保幅性
Abstract:
Influenced by such factors as surface, source, transmission and receiver conditions, there are always serious interference wavefields in seismic data, which bring extremely adverse effects on the utilization of effective weak reflection signals. The weak signal recovery technology based on vector bin can restore the weak signals submerged by noise, and obtain good noise suppression effect. The technology splits each CMP gather to form a corresponding vector bin set, using the important features that reflected events are horizontal or quasi horizontal in vector bin gather, Hilbert transform is used to transform vector bin gather into complex domain vector bin cosine phase function gathers, and the horizontal events are obtained directly to achieve signal-to-noise separation . The practical application results show that this technique can achieve accurate recovery of effective weak reflection, improve the velocity analysis quality, stacking and migrating imaging effect, and achieve high signal-to-noise ratio data and amplitude preservation.
- vector bin /
- weak signal recovery /
- wavefield separation /
- denoising processing /
- low signal-to-noise ratio /
- amplitude preservation

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图 1 矢量面元构建示意图

Figure 1.

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图 2 目标道对应的矢量面元道集及矢量面元余弦相位函数道集示意图

Figure 2.

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图 3 希尔伯特变换分解原理图

Figure 3.

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图 4 矢量面元的弱信号恢复技术的技术路线图

Figure 4.

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图 5 子波恢复及保真去噪指标示意图

Figure 5.

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图 6 某工区应用本技术处理前、后及其残差的炮集记录对比

Figure 6.

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图 7 某工区应用本技术处理前、后的CMP道集及其残差道集和对应的速度谱

Figure 7.

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图 8 弱信号恢复前后CMP道集及残差CMP道集的频谱

Figure 8.

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图 9 某工区应用本技术处理前、后及其残差数据的叠加剖面

Figure 9.

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图 10 某工区应用本技术处理前、后的叠加剖面（局部放大）

Figure 10.

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