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摘要:
海底冷泉多由海底天然气渗漏形成，是以水、碳氢化合物、硫化氢或二氧化碳为主要成分的流体。它既是海底天然气水合物存在的标志，又与温室效应、海洋生态环境、冷泉生物群落等问题密切相关，对海底冷泉的流体渗漏通量和化学组成进行测定，对认识上述问题有重大意义。与实验室化学分析和数值模拟相比，原位观测可保证数据的可靠性和真实性，作为冷泉原位观测的主要手段，冷泉原位观测装置在近20年发展迅速。本文根据观测目标和观测原理将海底冷泉原位观测装置分为3类，即冷泉渗漏气体通量原位观测装置、冷泉渗漏液体通量原位观测装置以及冷泉渗漏流体化学组分原位观测装置，并从设计意义、工作原理以及解决的科学问题等方面梳理了国内外海底冷泉原位观测装置的发展，分析了各个装置的优势、局限性以及适用范围，最后展望了海底冷泉原位观测装置未来的发展方向。
Abstract:Marine cold seep, mainly formed by the seepage of natural gas hydrate, is a fluid composed mainly of water, hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide and or carbon dioxide. It is not only a sign of the existence of seabed gas hydrate, but also a substance closely related to greenhouse effect, marine ecological environment, cold seep biological community and other issues. The measurement of the fluid leakage flux and chemical composition of cold seep is of great significance for understanding the issues mentioned above. Compared with laboratory chemical analysis and numerical simulation, in-situ observation can ensure the reliability and authenticity of data. As a main mean, in-situ observation equipment of cold seep has developed rapidly in the past two decades. In this paper, according to its objectives and principles, the in-situ observation equipment of the cold seep is divided into three types: the in-situ observation equipment for the leakage gas flux of the cold seep, the in-situ observation equipment for the leakage liquid flux of the cold seep and the in-situ observation equipment for the chemical composition of the seepage fluid of the cold seep. The development of in-situ observation equipment for cold seep at home and abroad is summarized in this paper from the aspects of design significance and working principle. And the advantages, limitations and application range of the equipment are discussed. In the end, the future development direction of the in-situ observation equipment for the cold seep is prospected.
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Key words:
- cold seep /
- methane seepage /
- in-situ observation /
- observation equipment
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