马里亚纳海槽中部、南部火山岩地球化学特征及源区地幔性质

赵思旭; 曾志刚

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2022112101

马里亚纳海槽中部、南部火山岩地球化学特征及源区地幔性质

赵思旭^1,,
曾志刚^2, ,

1.
山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院，青岛 266590

2.
中国科学院海洋研究所，青岛 266071

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目“西太平洋俯冲体系中岩浆活动及其对热液物质供给的制约”（91958213）；中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（B类）项目子课题“热液/冷泉区岩浆物质贡献与流体化学过程””（XDB42020402）；国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划）项目“典型弧后盆地热液活动及其成矿机理”（2013CB429700）；泰山学者工程专项“特聘专家资助计划项目”（ts201511061）

详细信息

作者简介: 赵思旭（1998—），男，硕士研究生，主要从事海底岩石学研究，E-mail：zhaosixu@qdio.ac.cn

通讯作者: 曾志刚（1968—），男，博士，研究员，从事海底热液活动及成矿研究，E-mail：zgzeng@qdio.ac.cn

中图分类号: P736.4

收稿日期: 2022-11-21

修回日期: 2022-12-14

录用日期: 2022-12-14

刊出日期: 2023-10-28

Petrogeochemical characteristics of mantle sources of volcanic rocks in the southern and middle Mariana Trough

ZHAO Sixu^1,,
ZENG Zhigang^2, ,

1.
College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China

2.
The Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China

More Information

Corresponding author: ZENG Zhigang, zgzeng@qdio.ac.cn

Received Date: 21 November 2022

Revised Date: 14 December 2022

Accepted Date: 14 December 2022

Publish Date: 28 October 2023

摘要

摘要:
马里亚纳海槽作为正在活动的典型弧后盆地，是研究俯冲作用对岩浆作用和壳幔动力学影响的理想场所。通过对采自该海槽中南部的样品进行系统的岩石地球化学特征对比与研究，并结合前人已发表的岩石地球化学数据，探讨了马里亚纳海槽中南部的地幔富集（亏损）程度、地幔熔融程度、地幔熔融深度以及俯冲物质的加入程度。结果表明：（1）马里亚纳海槽中南部主要发育一套中低钾钙碱性系列玄武岩、玄武质安山岩；（2）海底岩石富集了大离子亲石元素、轻稀土元素，亏损高场强元素、重稀土元素；（3）将马里亚纳海槽沿扩张中心分为三段，对每段地幔熔融的程度和深度进行计算并且消除地幔不均一性的影响，发现在15°N和18°N附近二者呈现负相关关系，其余地区则呈现正相关关系，证明海槽存在两种地幔熔融模式；（4）微量元素比值显示海槽受多种俯冲组分影响，并且马里亚纳海槽南部的南段可能存在另一个富水熔体端元，可能是导致海槽扩张速率较快的原因。对俯冲物质的加入程度进行计算，发现靠近15°N与18°N俯冲组分的影响变弱，这进一步表明，马里亚纳海槽火山岩的变化可能是由于类似N-MORB的地幔源区与类似岛弧的地幔源区混合造成的；俯冲物质是控制地幔熔融程度的主要因素，并且扩张速率与地幔富集/亏损程度等也发挥了重要作用。
- 俯冲作用 /
- 地幔熔融程度 /
- 地幔熔融深度 /
- 马里亚纳海槽
Abstract:
The Mariana Trough, as a typical active back-arc basin, is an ideal place to study the effects of subduction on magmatism and crust-mantle dynamics. The petrogeochemical characteristics of the samples from two areas of the trough were revealed based on the published petrogeochemical data, from which the degree of mantle enrichment/depletion, the degree of mantle melting, the depth of mantle melting, and the degree of subduction material incorporation in the southern and middle Mariana Trough were clarified. Results show that a set of medium-low potassium calc-alkaline series basalt and basaltic andesite occur in the southern and middle Mariana Trough. The volcanic rocks are rich in large ionic lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare earth elements (LREE) while deficient in high field strength elements (HFSE) and heavy rare earth elements (HREE). The Mariana Trough could be divided into three sectors along spreading center, and the mantle-melting degree and the depth of each sector were calculated and the effect of mantle heterogeneity eliminated. The correlation between mantle-melting degree and the depth in each sector was found negative near 15°N and 18°N, but positive in the other areas, which proves that there are two mantle-melting modes in the trough. Volcanic rocks in the southern and middle Mariana Trough are influenced by multiple subduction-components and there may be another water-rich melt end-member in the southern part of the trough that may be resulted from the faster spreading rate of the trough. Calculations of the extent of subduction accretion show that the influence of subduction components weakens near 15°N and 18°N. The variation of volcanic rocks in the Mariana Trough may be caused by the mixing of an N-MORB-like mantle source involved with an island arc-like mantle source. Therefore, subduction material is an important factor on mantle-melting degree, and spreading rate and mantle enrichment/depletion degree are also play an essential roles.
- subduction /
- mantle-melting degree /
- mantle melting depth /
- Mariana Trough

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图 1 马里亚纳海槽岩石取样位置

Figure 1.

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图 2 马里亚纳海槽火山岩分类图解

Figure 2.

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图 3 马里亚纳海槽火山岩原始地幔标准化的微量元素蛛网图（a, c, e）和球粒陨石标准化的稀土元素配分模式图（b, d, f）

Figure 3.

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图 4 马里亚纳海槽火山岩的Zr/Nb比值随纬度变化图解

Figure 4.

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图 5 马里亚纳海槽火山岩熔融程度随纬度变化图解

Figure 5.

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图 6 马里亚纳海槽火山岩(Tb/Yb)_N-(La/Sm)_N图解

Figure 6.

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图 7 马里亚纳海槽火山岩熔融深度随纬度变化图解

Figure 7.

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图 8 马里亚纳海槽火山岩Ti_(Fo90)-Fe_(Fo90)图解

Figure 8.

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图 9 马里亚纳海槽火山岩Ce/Pb-Ba/Th图解

Figure 9.

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图 10 马里亚纳海槽火山岩La/Sm-Th/Nd和Ba/Th-Ba/Nb图解

Figure 10.

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图 11 马里亚纳海槽俯冲流体加入程度随纬度变化图解

Figure 11.

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图 12 马里亚纳海槽火山岩Ti_(Fo90)-Ba（富水流体）与Fe_(Fo90)-Ba（富水流体）图解

Figure 12.

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表 1 马里亚纳海槽火山岩样品的取样信息

Table 1. Sampling information of volcanic rocks in the Mariana Trough

样品编号	纬度	经度	水深/m	样品描述
T2-1	18°02′N	144°42′E	3659	Ol + Cpx + Opx + Pl
T2-2	18°02′N	144°45′E	3854	Ol + Cpx + Opx + Pl
T2-3	18°00′N	144°45′E	4038	Ol + Cpx + Pl
T3-2	12°54′N	143°38′E	2974	Ol + Cpx + Opx + Pl
注：Ol为橄榄石，Cpx为单斜辉石，Opx为斜方辉石，Pl为斜长石。

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表 2 马里亚纳海槽火山岩的主量元素和微量元素组成

Table 2. Major and trace element compositions of the volcanic rocks from the Mariana Trough

	样品	T2-1-01	T2-1-02^*	T2-1-03^*	T2-2-01	T2-2-02^*	T2-3-01	T2-3-02^*	T3-2-01	T3-2-02^*	T3-2-03^*
主量元素/%	SiO₂	51.81	52.75	53.67	47.27	52.03	48.86	51.09	56.55	56.55	56.57
	TiO₂	1.08	1.08	1.04	1.28	1.14	1.2	1.1	1.56	1.64	1.6
	Al₂O₃	16.7	16.17	15.58	16.16	16.32	17.71	18.19	15.05	14.98	14.88
	Fe₂O₃T	9.15	9.36	9.21	9.46	8.42	8.33	8.02	10.09	10.3	10.12
	MnO	0.159	0.16	0.16	0.156	0.14	0.142	0.14	0.194	0.19	0.19
	MgO	5.59	5.67	5.63	6.62	6.94	6.24	6.67	2.74	2.78	2.83
	CaO	10.27	10.25	9.92	12.82	10.86	11.68	10.88	6.02	6.51	6.41
	Na₂O	3.09	2.98	2.99	3.78	2.74	3.35	2.9	3.85	4.02	3.97
	K₂O	0.634	0.6	0.49	0.548	0.5	0.529	0.44	0.93	0.86	0.82
	P₂O₅	0.156	0.17	0.16	0.141	0.15	0.149	0.16	0.23	0.24	0.24
	LOI	0.83	0.8	1.05	1.17	0.65	1.23	0.32	2.27	1.9	2.3
	总量	99.47	99.99	99.9	99.41	99.9	99.42	99.9	99.48	99.97	99.92
微量元素/10^-6	Li	3.86	3.46	6.01	2.67	3.41	4.62	3.41	2.85	5.65	6.53
	Be	0.854	0.648	0.694	0.470	0.615	0.789	0.588	0.544	0.865	0.92
	Sc	29.4	33.5	33.4	27.4	35.6	21.4	30.2	27.9	22.7	25.4
	V	239	263	263	199	247	157	218	204	171	169
	Cr	24.5	30.2	29.7	165	244	23.4	217	184	1.83	1.78
	Co	25.4	33.2	32.9	20.4	33.6	16.8	31.7	22.9	18.8	19.2
	Ni	19.3	27.5	26.7	45.1	85.9	10.5	92.6	56.6	3.16	3.19
	Cu	33.1	42.3	42.8	30.1	55.8	21.4	41.8	30.0	20.9	21.2
	Zn	62.3	68.9	69	47.1	62.3	82.3	58.8	50.9	101	107
	Ga	15.8	16.6	16.5	13.6	16.2	17.4	16.3	14.8	20	21.2
	Rb	13.8	9.93	9.94	4.39	6.73	7.43	6.07	5.05	8.95	8.89
	Sr	251	233	230	153	208	137	235	193	161	165
	Y	21.1	24.8	24.7	17.6	26.2	34.1	24.2	19.2	48.7	49.2
	Zr	79.0	81.3	80.8	67.4	93.1	133	91.1	76.1	161	159
	Nb	3.51	2.98	2.98	2.49	3.26	3.48	2.74	2.40	4.39	4.5
	Cs	0.215	0.148	0.141	0.069	0.0907	0.123	0.101	0.086	0.154	0.163
	Ba	129	64.9	64.5	27.5	39.6	51.8	46.1	36.2	70.4	71.5
	La	11.4	7.05	7.05	4.20	5.38	6.08	5.55	4.91	7.26	7.15
	Ce	22.4	16	16	10.1	13.6	16.0	13.9	11.9	20.1	19.8
	Pr	3.07	2.41	2.41	1.57	2.14	2.56	2.18	1.84	3.24	3.26
	Nd	13.9	11.5	11.5	7.93	10.6	13.4	10.7	9.50	16.7	16.8
	Sm	3.50	3.3	3.25	2.47	3.18	4.24	3.12	2.79	5.3	5.5
	Eu	1.21	1.2	1.2	0.905	1.17	1.43	1.14	1.03	1.79	1.8
	Gd	3.69	3.95	3.92	2.75	3.94	4.74	3.76	3.06	6.93	6.78
	Tb	0.641	0.675	0.673	0.527	0.697	0.950	0.653	0.576	1.24	1.27
	Dy	3.75	4.16	4.14	3.21	4.33	6.01	4.09	3.55	7.9	7.74
	Ho	0.889	0.883	0.88	0.779	0.933	1.46	0.861	0.854	1.72	1.64
	Er	2.27	2.5	2.51	2.00	2.64	3.82	2.45	2.19	4.99	4.84
	Tm	0.348	0.386	0.381	0.317	0.408	0.614	0.374	0.335	0.774	0.754
	Yb	2.20	2.36	2.35	1.99	2.52	3.88	2.32	2.11	4.82	4.69
	Lu	0.349	0.364	0.364	0.316	0.385	0.611	0.358	0.334	0.757	0.75
	Hf	1.96	2.03	2.02	1.74	2.24	3.19	2.18	1.94	4.09	4.12
	Ta	0.184	0.183	0.18	0.160	0.207	0.213	0.179	0.154	0.284	0.32
	Pb	1.73	1.07	1.05	1.37	0.856	1.39	0.989	1.03	1.39	1.4
	Th	1.29	0.668	0.675	0.357	0.427	0.476	0.47	0.427	0.537	0.505
	U	0.443	0.426	0.241	0.139	0.243	0.197	0.184	0.162	0.233	0.243
注：*数据来自文献[16]。

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