Variation history and dynamic evolution of the Mesozoic marine petroleum in the Papuan Fold Belt
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摘要:
巴布亚盆地是处于澳大利亚板块北移和太平洋板块西移的活动边缘的中、新生代前陆盆地，巴布亚褶皱带是盆地西北部的次级构造单元，中生界油气资源丰富，勘探潜力巨大，但由于构造活动频繁使得油气聚集-调整过程复杂，严重制约了该地区油气勘探工作。在油气地球化学特征及来源分析的基础上，利用多种古温标的联合反演模拟了单井埋藏史和热史，基于储层流体包裹体分析了充注史，恢复油气成藏动态演化过程。结果表明：①巴布亚褶皱带中生界油气主要分布于褶皱带西段和中段，呈“西气东油”式分布。②油气充注期次可划分为“2期4幕”，早期3幕油气充注时间为105～85、78～53和47～32 Ma，表现为低熟油、高熟油和天然气的连续充注过程，包裹体捕获的原油成熟度更高、规则甾烷ααα(20R)-C27相对含量更为丰富，油气来源于侏罗系烃源岩；晚期1幕油气充注时间为4～0 Ma，油气表现为“高熟油-天然气”混合充注并有低熟油补充的特征，现今储层原油成熟度低于早期原油且富含奥利烷，油气来源于侏罗系—白垩系烃源岩。③油气成藏受多期构造运动影响的烃源岩类型及演化程度、大规模圈闭发育、高效垂向-侧向输导体系和保存条件的控制，通过以构造演化为线索建立的“双源垂向侧向短距供烃-聚集调整过程动态平衡”油气成藏动态演化模式，提出了位于挤压推覆构造带下盘的白垩系烃源岩对中生代含油气系统同样具有烃源贡献的认识，以期为该地区下一步的油气勘探提供参考。
Abstract:The Papuan Basin, positioned in the dynamic boundary where the Australian Plate shifts northward and the Pacific Plate moves westward, is a Mesozoic and Cenozoic foreland basin. Within this basin, the Papuan Fold Belt stands out as a secondary structural unit rich in Mesozoic oil and gas reserves, harboring immense exploration potential. However, frequent tectonic activity in the area complicated the aggregation and adjustment of oil and gas, posing significant challenges to hydrocarbon exploration. By analyzing the geochemical characteristics and sources of oil and gas, the joint inversion of multiple ancient temperature scales was used to simulate the burial history and thermal history of a single well. Additionally, by analyzing reservoir fluid inclusions, the dynamic evolution of hydrocarbon formation was restored. The results indicate that: (1) the Mesozoic oil and gas in the Papuan Fold Belt situated predominantly in the western and central sections, following a "gas in the west and oil in the east" distribution pattern. (2) The oil and gas filling epochs could be categorized into "two phases and four episodes." During the first three episodes, spanning 105~85 Ma, 78~53 Ma, and 47~32 Ma, the filling process progressed from low-maturity oil to high-maturity oil and then to natural gas. The crude oil trapped in inclusions during these periods exhibited higher maturity, containing an abundant amount of regular steranes ααα(20R)-C27, pointing to a Jurassic source rock. The later filling episode during 4～0 Ma, showed a mixed filling of highly mature oil and natural gas, with traces of low-maturity oil. The crude oil currently stored in the reservoir displayed lower maturity than its predecessors and is enriched with oleanane, suggesting the Jurassic and Cretaceous source rocks as its origin. (3) The formation of oil and gas reservoirs was influenced by multiple tectonic movements, including the types and evolutionary degrees of source rocks, the development of large-scale traps, efficient vertical lateral transport systems, and preservation conditions. This study introduced a dynamic evolution model called "dynamic equilibrium of dual-source vertical and lateral short-distance hydrocarbon supply accumulation adjustment", based on clues from structural evolution. This study proposed an understanding that the Cretaceous source rocks located in the lower plate of the compression thrust belt also have hydrocarbon source contributions to the Mesozoic oil and gas system, and provided insight to the future oil and gas exploration in the region.
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表 1 巴布亚褶皱带中生界储层流体包裹体特征
Table 1. Characteristics of fluid inclusions in the Mesozoic reservoirs in the Papua Fold Belt
样品编号 井号 取样层位 深度/m 宿主矿物 显微观测结果 与油包裹体相邻（含烃）盐水包裹体平均均一温度/℃ 与气相包裹体相邻（含烃）盐水包裹体平均均一温度/℃ PFB-1 PP1 Toro 1858 石英 穿石英颗粒成岩裂纹以及石英颗粒内成岩裂纹中检测到大量发弱荧光纯气相、富气相包裹体 25.9、52.7、83.1、96.4、119.0、135.1 PFB-2 PP1 Toro 1859 石英 石英颗粒内成岩裂纹中检测到一期发黄色、一期发蓝色和一期发黄绿色荧光油包裹体以及大量发弱荧光纯气相包裹体 74.3、100.1、124.4 PFB-3 PP1 Toro 1861.3 石英 石英颗粒内成岩裂纹中检测到一期发黄色和一期发蓝色荧光油包裹体；穿石英颗粒成岩裂纹中检测到大量发弱荧光纯气相包裹体 93.3 122.8、141.2 PFB-4 PP1 Toro 1862 石英 石英颗粒内成岩裂纹中检测到一期发蓝色以及大量发弱荧光纯气相包裹体 77.0、87.8 PFB-5 PP2 Toro 3574 石英 穿石英颗粒成岩裂纹中以及石英颗粒内成岩裂纹中检测到大量发蓝绿色荧光油包裹体，同时石英颗粒粒间孔隙中检测到大量发蓝色荧光油浸染 123.3、123.4、125.1 PFB-6 PP3 Toro 3203 石英 石英颗粒内成岩裂纹中检测到一期发蓝色、蓝绿色、一期发黄色和一期发黄绿色荧光油包裹体和大量纯气相包裹体 57.1、75.5、84.2、105.1、116.3、138.0、155.6 PFB-7 PP3 Toro 3212.9 石英 石英颗粒粒间孔隙以及石英颗粒加大边中检测到发橙黄色荧光反射，可能为油浸染；同时石英颗粒内成岩裂纹中检测到大量纯气相包裹体 92.3、120.0、127.5、139.3 PFB-8 PP3 Toro 3220.9 石英 石英颗粒内成岩裂纹中检测到发蓝绿色荧光油
包裹体，同时粒间孔隙中检测到发黄绿色荧光
油浸染72.4、78.4 PFB-9 PP3 Toro 3221 石英 石英颗粒粒间孔隙中检测到橙黄色荧光油浸染；同时石英颗粒内成岩裂纹中检测到纯气相包裹体 PFB-10 PP3 Toro 3221.5 石英 石英颗粒粒间孔隙中检测到发橙黄色荧光油浸染；同时在穿石英颗粒成岩裂纹中和石英颗粒内成岩裂纹中检测到发蓝绿色荧光油包裹体 64.4、66.8、91.3、108.6、117.4、 PFB-11 PP4 Imburu 2316.5 石英 石英颗粒内成岩裂纹中检测到大量发弱荧光纯气相包裹体 58.0、96.1、122.7 
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