Depositional evolution and controlling factors of the middle-late Holocene fringing reef in Hainan Island
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摘要:
海南岛岸礁体系是中国重要的珊瑚礁资源之一，然而针对其沉积演化过程仍然缺乏系统性的研究。基于海南岛文昌市长圮港近岸ZK-6钻井，通过AMS14C定年、宏观岩芯观察、镜下薄片鉴定等方法，对钻井沉积特征（岩性、生物组分）进行了精细刻画，建立了研究区岸礁沉积演化序列，探讨了岸礁发育演化控制因素。AMS 14C测年结果表明，岸礁发育时间为中晚全新世（
7560 ～3410 aBP），沉积相以礁坪相与礁后相多次交替出现为特征。岸礁发育演化的控制因素包括海平面变化和古海水温度。相对较低的海平面条件下研究区主要发育礁坪相，而相对较高的海平面条件下研究区主要发育礁后相；古海水温度对岸礁的影响主要体现在沉积速率上，表现为古海水温度的升高会促进岸礁沉积的速率增大。研究认为，海平面变化是海南岛东北侧岸礁在7560 ～3410 aBP期间发育演化的主要控制因素，以此揭示了海南岛岸礁珊瑚群落生态系统演化规律，为岸礁珊瑚群落生态系统的保护和恢复提供了重要的理论支持。Abstract:The fringing reef systems in the Hainan Island are important coral reef resources, but the systematic research on their depositional evolution is still rare. By AMS14C dating, macroscopic core observation, and microscopic identification, the sedimentary characteristics (including lithologic facies and biological components) of the middle-late Holocene interval from core ZK-6 in the Hainan Island were described in detail, the sedimentary evolution sequence was established, and the factors controlling reef development were discussed. The AMS14C dating indicates that the fringing reef development occurred during the middle-late Holocene (
7560 ～3410 aBP). The sedimentary facies were characterized by an alternation of reef flat and backreef. Sea-level change and paleo-seawater-temperature variation controlled the fringing reef development. Results show that the reef-flat facies developed mainly in relatively low sea level, and the backreef facies mainly in relatively high sea level. The paleo-seawater temperature mainly influenced the sedimentation rate of the fringing reef, with a rise in paleo-seawater temperature enhancing the sedimentation rate. It is proposed that sea-level change was the main factor that led to the changes in the sedimentary facies zonation of the fringing reef from7560 to3410 aBP in the northeastern Hainan Island. This study revealed the evolution of coral community ecosystem in the Hainan Island, providing an important theoretical support for the protection and restoration of the reef ecosystem.-
Key words:
- depositional evolution /
- sea level /
- fringing reef /
- Middle-late Holocene /
- Hainan Island
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表 1 海南岛ZK-6井珊瑚样品AMS 14C测年结果
Table 1. AMS 14C dating result of coral from Core ZK-6, Hainan Island
样品编号 深度/m 测定值/cal.aBP 常规年龄/aBP 校正年/cal.aBP 中值/cal.aBP ZK6C-1 7.05 6660 ±307080 ±307520 ～7245 7376 ZK6C-2 6.76 6620 ±307040 ±307489 ～7212 7345 ZK6C-3 6.35 5860 ±306260 ±306658 ～6335 6478 ZK6C-4 4.92 4970 ±305380 ±305719 ～5406 5534 ZK6C-5 1.52 3830 ±304230 ±304327 ～3960 4139 
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表 2 海南岛ZK-6井主要珊瑚属
Table 2. Various coral genera from core ZK-6, Hainan Island
深度/m 珊瑚属 破碎程度 0～1.3 鹿角珊瑚、盔形珊瑚、未定属 较高 1.3～1.7 鹿角珊瑚、刺星珊瑚、盔形珊瑚、未定属 高 1.9～3.0 鹿角珊瑚、石芝珊瑚、未定属 高 4.6～5.4 鹿角珊瑚、角蜂巢珊瑚、刺星珊瑚、石芝珊瑚、未定属 较高 5.8～6.2 鹿角珊瑚、滨珊瑚、刺星珊瑚、未定属 较高 6.2～6.5 鹿角珊瑚、滨珊瑚、刺星珊瑚、未定属 较高 6.7～7.5 鹿角珊瑚、蜂房珊瑚、角蜂巢珊瑚、滨珊瑚、刺星珊瑚 较低
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