Core-top calibration of element ratios in modern benthic foraminifera Uvigerina spp. for paleotemperature reconstruction
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摘要:
Uvigerina属底栖有孔虫的Mg/Ca-温度指标常用于古海洋底水温度的重建。然而前人研究指出，其温度重建结果可能受到碳酸盐化学等非温度因素的干扰，且种间差异对重建结果的影响也存在争议。为进一步评估该属有孔虫元素指标的可靠性，本研究基于BJ8-03航次在印度尼西亚苏拉威西边缘采集的表层沉积物，结合多种元素比值（Mg/Ca、Li/Ca、Mg/Li、B/Ca和Sr/Ca），对比U. proboscidea、U. peregrina和U. elongatastriata 3个属种的温度和碳酸盐化学指标，结合全球多个站位已发表的Uvigerina元素数据，重新审视了Uvigerina种间差异及温度重建方法。结果表明，影响Uvigerina温度指标公式的主要因素可能是种间差异而非清洗方法。在多指标对比过程中，发现U. proboscidea的Mg/Ca与温度、U. proboscidea和U. peregrina的Sr/Ca与Δ[CO32−]相关性较好，而U. elongatastriata的数据较为分散，与环境参数没有相关性。此后，进一步结合全球各站位数据更新了U. peregrina的Mg/Ca-温度公式（Mg/Ca=0.94(±0.059)+0.06(±0.007)×温度），其温度敏感性（6%）与前人结果相近，说明该指标较稳定；而Mg/Li的温度敏感性与前人结果不同，因此该指标的有效性有待进一步研究。与Mg/Ca和Mg/Li不同的是，Uvigerina属的Li/Ca、B/Ca和Sr/Ca与海水温度和碳酸盐化学参数并未显示可靠的相关性，其海水环境指示意义有待进一步的验证。
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关键词:
- 底栖有孔虫 /
- Uvigerina /
- Mg/Ca-温度指标 /
- Mg/Li-温度指标
Abstract:The Mg/Ca ratio of benthic foraminifera Uvigerina spp. is commonly used for reconstruction of bottom water temperature (BWT). However, BWT reconstructions may be influenced by non-thermal factors such as carbonate chemistry, and the effect of interspecies difference within Uvigerina spp. remain debated. To further assess the reliability of foraminiferal elemental proxies, we use multiple elemental ratios (Mg/Ca, Li/Ca, Mg/Li, B/Ca, and Sr/Ca) of three species of Uvigerina (U. proboscidea, U. peregrina, and U. elongatastriata) from core-top sediments collected during the BJ8-03 cruise in Sulawesi, Indonesia to compare interspecies difference in BWT and carbonate chemistry proxies. By compiling published elemental data of Uvigerina from various sites in the global ocean, we re-examined the interspecies difference and BWT reconstruction methods. Results show that the main factor affecting the BWT proxies of Uvigerina was due to interspecies difference, not the cleaning method. By multi-proxy comparison, we found that Mg/Ca in U. proboscidea correlated well with BWT, and Sr/Ca in both U. proboscidea and U. peregrina correlated with Δ[CO32−]. In contrast, data of U. elongatastriata are scattered and showed no significant correlation with environmental parameters. Furthermore, we updated the Mg/Ca-BWT equation for U. peregrina (Mg/Ca=0.94(±0.059)+0.06(±0.007)×BWT) using compiled data from global sites. The sensitivity of Mg/Ca to BWT (6%) is similar to previous results, suggesting that the Mg/Ca proxy is robust. However, the sensitivity of Mg/Li to BWT differed from previous results, suggesting that the validity of this proxy requires further investigation. Li/Ca, B/Ca, and Sr/Ca showed no robust correlations with BWT and carbonate chemistry, and their potential of indicating seawater environmental parameters needs further evaluation.
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Key words:
- benthic foraminifera /
- Uvigerina spp. /
- Mg/Ca-BWT proxy /
- Mg/Li-BWT proxy
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图 2 本研究站位 U. proboscidea、U. peregrina 和U. elongatastriata 的 Mg/Ca（a）、Li/Ca（b）、Mg/Li（c）、B/Ca（d）和 Sr/Ca（e）的深度剖面图，温度和Δ[CO32−]的剖面（f）以及这些站位的温度和Δ[CO32−]之间的关系
Figure 2.
图 4 本研究站位U. proboscidea、U. peregrina和U. elongatastriata 的Mg/Ca（a）、Li/Ca（b）、Mg/Li（c）与温度的相关关系以及Mg/Ca（d）、B/Ca（e）、Li/Ca（f）和Sr/Ca（g）与Δ[CO32−]的相关关系
Figure 4.
图 5 U. peregrina的Mg/Ca（a）、Li/Ca（b）、Mg/Li（c）与温度的相关关系以及B/Ca（d）、Li/Ca（e）和Sr/Ca（f）与Δ[CO32−]的相关关系
Figure 5.
表 1 表层沉积物站位坐标和水文数据
Table 1. Site coordinates and hydrographic data of core-top sediments
站位名称 位置 水深/m 温度/°C Δ[CO32−]/(µmol/kg) 61MC 3.87°S, 119.47°E 292 11.29 46.73 45MC 2.87°N, 118.39°E 332 10.00 42.88 81MC 1.44°S, 117.23°E 361 9.49 40.55 127MC 5.81°S, 120.3°E 366 9.42 39.76 31MC 3.88°S, 119.45°E 459 8.00 31.75 35MC 3.89°S, 119.44°E 565 7.00 27.79 63MC 3.87°S, 119.47°E 252 11.70 50.57 67MC 3.57°S, 119.4°E 401 8.90 34.27 56MC 3.88°S, 119.46°E 405 8.80 34.23 14MC 7.35°S, 115.2°E 483 7.74 31.54 69MC 3.57°S, 119.41°E 485 7.72 31.52 11MC 7.39°S, 115.21°E 590 6.86 27.56 9MC 7.38°S, 115.26°E 648 6.55 27.03 51MC 3.89°S, 119.4°E 774 5.82 24.31 6MC 7.47°S, 115.36°E 920 5.09 21.43 84MC 1.4°S, 117.62°E 401 8.73 34.25 79MC 1.74°S, 117.39°E 440 8.25 32.64 77MC 1.74°S, 117.41°E 525 7.20 29.16 88MC 0.39°N, 118.43°E 532 7.17 28.92 53MC 3.89°S, 119.39°E 868 5.30 21.93 
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表 2 本文研究站位的元素测试数据和统计学分析
Table 2. Elemental ratio data and statistics in this study
属种 站位 Li/Ca/(μmol/mol) B/Ca/(μmol/mol) Mg/Ca/(mmol/mol) Sr/Ca/(mmol/mol) Mg/Li/(mol/mmol) U. elongatastriata 61MC 15.34 37.91 1.47 1.13 0.10 45MC 14.97 34.72 1.24 1.14 0.08 81MC 17.88 76.41 1.52 1.14 0.08 127MC 20.73 75.20 2.11 1.19 0.10 31MC 17.65 28.51 1.55 1.11 0.09 35MC 20.89 32.55 1.44 1.14 0.07 平均值 17.91 47.55 1.56 1.14 0.09 标准差 2.54 22.10 0.29 0.03 0.01 U. peregrina 63MC 18.23 36.34 1.29 1.19 0.07 67MC 18.42 29.14 1.42 1.19 0.08 56MC 18.77 33.95 1.25 1.17 0.07 14MC 17.98 33.66 1.47 1.16 0.08 69MC 18.27 46.17 1.22 1.19 0.07 11MC 17.05 45.88 1.49 1.14 0.09 9MC 17.07 18.33 1.35 1.15 0.08 51MC 19.21 54.43 1.06 1.16 0.06 6MC 17.99 47.40 1.28 1.10 0.07 平均值 38.37 18.11 1.31 1.16 0.07 标准差 11.12 0.71 0.14 0.03 0.01 U. proboscidea 84MC 22.98 42.33 1.80 1.23 0.08 79MC 32.49 45.46 1.75 1.19 0.05 77MC 32.68 37.46 1.63 1.19 0.05 88MC 24.38 63.05 1.54 1.20 0.06 53MC 23.7 112.38 1.41 1.16 0.06 平均值 60.14 27.25 1.63 1.19 0.06 标准差 30.76 4.90 0.16 0.03 0.01
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