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摘要:
铁是海洋中重要的微量金属元素之一，直接关系到海洋初级生产力和全球气候变化。国际上从20世纪80年代开始，基于分光光度法、催化光度法、化学发光法或电化学法，联合流动分析技术、渗透泵技术或芯片实验室技术，研发了多种类型的原位铁分析方法和系统，并应用于海水或热液区铁浓度的分析。随着观测网技术的发展，对水下原位铁分析仪/传感器提出了更高的要求，如长期、连续观测。本文对目前国内外水下原位铁分析系统的主要原理、性能及其优缺点进行了介绍，并提出了今后可与海底观测网连接的原位铁分析系统的发展方向，以期为未来原位铁分析系统的研制提供有益借鉴。
Abstract:Iron is a key trace metal in the ocean, and directly affect marine primary productivity and global climate change. Since the 1980s, various in-situ iron analysis systems have been developed based on spectrophotometry, catalytic spectrophotometry, chemiluminescence, or electrochemistry, combined with flow analysis, osmotic pumps, or lab-on-a-chip technology for measuring iron in seawater and hydrothermal plume. With the advancement of ocean observatory technology, more requirements have been put forward for in-situ iron analyzers or sensors capable of long-term, continuous monitoring. This review outlines the principles, performance, advantages, and limitations of current systems developed globally. It further proposes future development directions, specifically targeting integration with seafloor observatory networks, aiming to provide valuable references for the development of future in-situ iron analysis system.
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Key words:
- iron /
- in-situ analysis technology /
- seawater /
- ocean observation technology
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表 1 原位铁分析方法和系统
Table 1. The in-situ Fe analytical methods and systems
名称 方法（试剂） 测定频率 测定误差
（测定范围或浓度）检测限
/(nmol/L)应用海域及
分析对象测量方式 参考文献 Scanner CFA-单波长分光光度法（FZ） 5 s n.p. 25 热液区，Fe(II)、Fe(III) 剖面测量 [26] SUAVE CFA-单波长催化光度法（DPD，富集柱） 45 s n.p. 5 海水，总铁 剖面测量 [27] ALCHIMIST FIA-双波长分光光度法（FZ） 22 h−1 0.4%～5%
（0～400 μmol/L）60 热液区，Fe(II)、Fe(III) 剖面测量 [16] ALCHIMIST FIA-双波长催化光度法（DPD，富集柱） 22 h−1 6%～7%
（1～4 nmol/L）1.6 近岸，总铁 剖面测量 [17] CHEMINI FIA-双波长分光光度法（FZ） 30～60 h−1 0.6%（50 μmol/L） 300 热液区，Fe(II)、Fe(III) 6个月 [33] ISEA 电化学法-金汞齐电极 3.75 min n.p. 15000 Fe(II) 5天 [37-38] VIP 电化学法-凝胶覆盖汞膜电极 15～20 min n.p. 17.8 近岸，孔隙水，Fe(II) 一周 [20-21] Fe-OsmoAnalyzer 渗透泵-单波长分光光度法（FZ） 15 min 2%（50 μmol/L） 100 热液区，近岸，总铁 一年 [18] LOC LOC-单波长分光光度法（FZ） 12 h−1 2.1%（250 nmol/L） 27 近岸，Fe(II) 剖面测量 [22] LOC LOC-单波长分光光度法（FZ） 45 min 2.7%-Fe(II), 50 nmol/L
1.9%-Fe(III), 100 nmol/L1.9 近岸，Fe(II)、Fe(III) 9天 [50] 深海原位化学
分析仪CFA-单波长分光光度法（FZ） 1 s n.p. 13-Fe(II)
24-Fe(III)近海，Fe(II)、Fe(III) 剖面测量 [24] IonConExplorer FIA-单波长分光光度法（FZ） 7 min 2%（100 nmol/L～
1μmol/L）27.25 近海 剖面测量 [23] GAMOS CFA-化学发光法 1 s 16%（0.6 nmol/L） 0.48 海水，Fe(II) 剖面测量 [30] 注：SUAVE：水下热液异常监测系统，ALCHIMIST：原位化学分析仪，CHEMINI：原位微型化学分析仪，ISEA：原位电化学分析仪，VIP：原位伏安剖面仪，LOC：芯片实验室，GAMOS：地球化学异常监测系统。n.p.：未报道。 
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