East Asian monsoon and sea-level change regulated sediment records in the Penghu Canyon since the last glaciation
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摘要:
澎湖峡谷由于其独特的地理位置和沉积环境，保存了高分辨率的沉积记录，为研究古环境演变提供了珍贵材料。本研究对2018年中法合作HydroSed航次在南海东北部澎湖峡谷西侧堤岸的MD18-3570钻井岩芯开展了1 cm分辨率X射线荧光光谱岩芯元素扫描，结合14C测年，研究了过去54 ka以来深海峡谷沉积记录演变及其受控机制。研究发现，Al、Si与K元素在12～30 cal.kaBP期间呈现低值而在其他时期呈现高值，Zr元素与上述3种元素的变化趋势相反。此外，所有元素均呈现百年-千年尺度波动特征。本文选用K/Al比值反映陆源碎屑化学风化状态，Si/Al与Zr/Al比值反映陆源碎屑粒度变化。K/Al比值变化与董哥洞-葫芦洞石笋氧同位素记录变化相似，且在冷气候事件期间（新仙女木事件和海因里希事件H1–H5）呈现异常高值，表明东亚季风降水调控深海沉积物的化学风化状态。东亚季风降雨减弱，可能导致台湾流域化学风化减弱、物理剥蚀增强，体现为深海沉积记录的K/Al比值升高（化学风化减弱），季风降雨增强则诱发相反的沉积记录。粒度指标Zr/Al在低海平面时期（12～30 cal.kaBP）呈现高值，这可能与陆源碎屑搬运距离缩短导致的粗粒沉积物输入增加有关。因此，本研究认为海平面变化调控粗粒陆源碎屑输入，而季风降雨变化调控深海沉积的化学风化强度。本研究首次提供了澎湖峡谷沉积环境演变的长时间、高分辨率沉积记录，为深海峡谷沉积记录的演化机制提供新的见解。
Abstract:The Penghu Canyon preserved high-resolution sedimentary records due to its unique deep-sea geographical location and depositional environment, and provided valuable materials for the study of paleoenvironmental evolution. We scanned a drilling core of Well MD18-3570 situated on the west bank of the Penghu Canyon in the northeast of the South China Sea (22°11.48′N, 119°38.68′E, water depth
1572 m, during Sino-French HydroSed cooperation voyage in 2018) at 1-cm resolution using X-ray fluorescence, analyzed the scanning data, and combined with 14C dating data, from which sediment record evolution and its controlling mechanism since the last 54 ka. Results reveal that the contents of Al, Si, and K were low in the period of 12–30 cal.kaBP and high in other periods, while that of Zr showed the opposite trend to the above three elements. In addition, all the elements showed fluctuations on the centennial-millennial scale. We choose the K/Al ratio to reflect the chemical weathering state of terrigenous detritus, and Si/Al and Zr/Al ratios to reflect the grain-size changes of terrigenous inputs. The K/Al ratio variations were similar to the stalagmite oxygen isotope variations in the Dongge-Hulu Caves, and showed anomalously high values during cold climatic events (the Younger Dryas and Heinrich Events H1–H5), suggesting that the East Asian monsoon precipitation regulated the chemical weathering intensity of the deep-sea sediments. The weakened monsoon rainfall might lead to the reduced chemical weathering and the enhanced physical erosion in Taiwan drainage basin, which is reflected as the increased K/Al ratio (weakened chemical weathering) of the deep-sea sediment records. On the other hand, the enhanced monsoon rainfall induced the opposite sedimentary record. Grain size indicator Zr/Al show high values during the sea-level lowstands (12–30 cal.kaBP), which might be related to the increased coarse-grained input due to shorter transport distances of terrigenous sediments. Therefore, we suggested that sea-level changes regulated coarse-grained terrigenous detritus input, and monsoon rainfall changes regulated the chemical weathering intensity of deep-sea sediments. This study provided the first long-term, high-resolution sedimentary record of the Penghu Canyon, and provided new insights into the evolutionary mechanism of the canyon sedimentary record.-
Key words:
- XRF core scanning /
- East Asian monsoon /
- sea level change /
- last glaciation /
- Penghu Canyon
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表 1 MD18-3570岩芯浮游有孔虫14C测年结果
Table 1. 14C dating results of planktonic foraminifera from core MD18-3570
序号 深度/cm 14C放射年龄/aBP 日历年龄/cal.aBP 误差/a, 1σ 1 11.5 1590 1188 113 2 311.5 9830 10922 163 3 591.5 22260 25828 131 4 861.5 27590 31053 130 5 1161 36590 40763 303 6 1461.5 42340 44449 583 
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