West Pacific and North Indian Oceans and Their Ocean-continent Connection Zones: Evolution and Debates
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摘要:
西太平洋-北印度洋及其洋陆过渡带是国家发展战略“一带一路”的海洋丝绸之路核心区，从地球科学的视野，科学地深度思考认知“一带一路”相关的地学基本问题，尤其相关两洋及其洋陆过渡带的地质与海洋的科学基本问题及其自然生态环境、灾害、资源能源状态、潜力、发展趋势，是当前地球科学界服务于国家重大需求的重要任务。因此，本文主要就西太平洋和北印度洋及其洋陆过渡带的相关固体海底科学的几个重要问题进行讨论：1、现代有关两洋突出的大洋地质问题。从两洋及其洋陆过渡带研究现状与发展需求思考，主要包括，(1)两洋及其中板块的起源、起始与生消演化问题，主要有，①初始三角型太平洋域板块起源、过程，包含Galapagos和西Shatsky等微板块差异成因等；②古今太平洋域的诸板块对东亚大陆作用时空演化过程和现今状态与趋势；③印度洋起始、演化与超大陆裂聚问题。(2)洋中脊研究最新进展与问题：①洋中脊-热点相互作用和洋中脊增生方式问题，如何思考洋中脊0 Ma处的千万年垂向增生行为与百万年侧向扩张关系问题；②弧后盆地扩张与正常大洋洋中脊的成因机制差异；③印度洋超慢速和太平洋快速扩张与差异扩张的根本动因，是否有主动与被动扩张之分，及其关于洋中脊推力问题等；④洋中脊跃迁死亡：洋内板块重建、洋中脊终止活动和空间跃迁的原因；⑤洋中脊-地幔柱相互作用。(3)洋内俯冲和洋内构造问题：①洋内俯冲带起因与洋内弧、洋中脊俯冲与陆缘板片窗、转换断层与转换型大陆边缘；②大火成岩省与海山链、洋底高原等。(4)印度洋海洋核杂岩与洋壳流变学问题等。(5)大洋板块驱动力问题研究进展，包括地幔对流、负浮力、海沟吸引力、洋中脊推力等新的评述讨论。2、两洋的洋陆过渡带问题。包含：(1)陆缘基底属性：冲绳海槽、鄂霍茨克海、新西兰东侧海底地壳是陆壳还是洋壳及洋内微小陆块的成因和来源；(2)洋陆过渡带的洋陆交接转换与耦合过程如何：西太平洋海山链记录的洋内重大转折事件与大陆边缘重大事件对比、洋陆转换带与地幔剥露、弧后盆地转换断层成因、转换型陆缘的形成与消减等问题。(3)西太平洋与东亚大陆的洋陆过渡带有无巨大平移转换断裂作用，其时空、规模如何，意义何在。(4)两洋交接转换与洋陆过渡带深浅部关联，即欧亚、太平洋和印度-澳大利亚三大板块汇聚，及其从深层地幔、岩石圈到地壳与地表系统效应问题，及在此背景下两洋的洋陆过渡带相关问题。3、古今太平洋板块与特提斯带、欧亚大陆板块、印度洋域板块关系，尤其现今它们的关系及其发展动态趋势。最后对“两洋一带”有关海洋地质、洋陆过渡带与深部地质作了瞻望。
Abstract:The Indian Ocean and the West Pacific Ocean as well as the ocean-continent connection zones in between constitute the core of "The Belt and Road" Program. In-depth scientific understanding of the natural environment, mineral resources, geo-hazard distribution, energy potential and other geoscientific problems of the region is critical for the earth science communities to well serve the urgent needs of the region. This paper mainly discusses the following key scientific issues in the West Pacific and North Indian oceans and their connection zones: 1, modern marine geodynamic problems related to the two oceans. Based on the research and development needs in the two oceans and the ocean-continent transitional zones, this item includes the following questions: (1) origin, growth, death and evolution of plates involving the two oceans, for example, ① the initial origin and process of the triangle Pacific Plate, including the origin and difference of the Galapagos and West Shatsky micro-plates; ② spatial and temporal evolution, current status and future trends of the plates in the paleo- or present Pacific Ocean and their impacts on the evolution of the East Asian Continent Domain; ③ origin and evolution of the Indian Ocean and the formation and break of related supercontinents. (2) the latest progress in the research of mid-oceanic ridges and related problems: ① the ridge- hotspot interaction and ridge accretion, the relationship between vertical accretion behavior in scales of thousands years or tens of thousands years and lateral spreading in scale of millions years at the mid-oceanic ridges aged 0 Ma; ② differences in the formation mechanisms between back-arc basin extension and normal mid-oceanic ridge spreading; ③differences between the spreading of ultra-slow Indian Ocean and rapid Pacific, differences between active and passive spreading, and the push force onto the mid-oceanic ridges; ④ mid-oceanic ridge jumping and spreading termination: causes of the intra-oceanic plate reorganization, termination, and spatial jumps; ⑤ the interaction between mantle plume and mid-oceanic ridge. (3) intra-oceanic subduction and tectonics: ① the origin of intra-oceanic arc and subduction, ridge subduction and slab windows at continental margins, transform faults and transform-type continental margin; ② origins of large igneous provinces, oceanic plateaus and seamounts chains. (4) oceanic core complex and rheology of oceanic crusts in the Indian Ocean. (5) research advances in the driving force within oceanic plates, including mantle convection, negative buoyancy, trench sunction and mid- oceanic ridge push etc. 2, ocean-continent connection zones between the two oceans, including: (1) properties of continental margin basement, for example, if the crusts of the Okinawa Trough, the Okhotsk Sea, and east of New Zealand are continental crust or oceanic crust, and the origin of micro-continent in oceans; (2) the process of ocean-continent transition and coupling, comparison of major events between the West Pacific Ocean seamount chains and continental margins, mantle exhumation and the ocean-continent transition zones, origins of transform fault within backarc basins, formation and subduction of transform-type continental margins; (3) strike-slip faulting between the West Pacific Ocean and the East Asian Continent and its temporal and spatial range and scale; (4) connection between deep and surface processes within the two oceans and their connection zones, namely the assembly among the Eurasian, Pacific and India-Australia plates and the related effect from the deep mantle, lithosphere, to crust and surface Earth system, and some related issues within the connection zones of the two oceans under the super-convergent background. 3, relationship, especially their present relationship among the Paleo- or Present Pacific plates, the Tethyan Belt, the Eurasian Plate or the plates within the Indian Ocean and their evolutionary trends. At last, this paper makes a perspective on the development of marine geology in the two oceans and one zone.
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Key words:
- ocean-continent connection zone /
- marine geodynamics /
- Belt and Road /
- India Ocean /
- West Pacific Ocean /
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