The groundwater quality and suggestion on groundwater exploitation in Xiamen, Fujian
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摘要: 地下水质量和污染问题已成为制约城市发展的重要因素。该文对厦门市平原区地下水的有机和无机化学组分进行了系统全面的分析，根据"地下水标准"和"矿泉水标准"对地下水质量进行了综合评价。研究表明：厦门市地下水质量总体一般，可以直接饮用的水占22.9%，经过适当处理可以饮用的水占59.8%，不能饮用的占17.3%。有益人体健康的H2SiO3、Sr微量组分在地下水中含量普遍较高。在采集的87组样品中，有17组高H2SiO3或Sr元素地下水优于"地下水标准"Ⅲ类水标准和"矿泉水标准"相关标准，为兼有饮用和医疗价值的优质天然矿泉水。影响地下水质量的主要因子为pH值和Mn、Fe等与原生地质环境有关的无机组分，以及由人类活动引起污染的无机组分NO3-、Pb和有机组分二氯甲烷等。基于"优质优用，按需开采"的原则，从居民饮水安全的角度，对厦门市地下水开发利用提出科学有序开采优质矿泉水、适度开采水质优良水、应急利用原生水质较差水的建议。Abstract: Groundwater quality and pollution have become important factors restricting urban development. Based on the systematic and comprehensive analysis of organic and inorganic chemical components, the groundwater quality in the plain area of Xiamen City was comprehensively evaluated according to the "groundwater standard" and "mineral water standard", and the formation reason of inferior water was analyzed. The results show that the overall quality of shallow groundwater in Xiamen is ordinary, which consists of 22.9% directly potable water, 59.8% potable water after proper treatment, and 17.3% impotable water. The main factors affecting the groundwater quality are the inorganic components including pH value, Mn and Fe, which are related to the primary geological environment, and the inorganic components such as NO3-, Pb and organic components such as dichloromethane, which are resulted from human activities. The content of trace components of H2SiO3 and Sr, which are beneficial to human health, is generally high in groundwater. Among the 87 groups of samples, 17 groups are high H2SiO3 and Sr element groundwater, better than the standards of "the rank III groundwater" and "mineral water", which can be listed as superior natural mineral potable water with medical value. Based on the principle of "The high-quality water shall be used optimally and exploited according to needs", from the perspective of drinking water safety, the suggestions of scientific and orderly exploitation of high-quality mineral water, moderate exploitation of good-quality water and emergency utilization of inferior primary water were put forward for the utilization of groundwater in Xiamen.
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Key words:
- Xiamen /
- groundwater quality /
- influence factor /
- mineral water /
- exploitation
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