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摘要: 澳大利亚前寒武纪地质演化与超大陆旋回密切相关,大多数地质和成矿事件与超大陆聚合、裂解有关。自太古代以来,澳大利亚大陆主要由西向东生长。澳大利亚早前寒武纪古陆核为太古代皮尔巴拉和伊尔岗克拉通,古元古代—中元古代时南北克拉通和西澳大利亚克拉通在哥伦比亚超大陆聚合时拼贴在一起,并在其后的罗迪尼亚超大陆演化过程中最终形成澳大利亚中西部的前寒武纪克拉通。澳大利亚前寒武纪成矿作用与克拉通构造演化和超大陆旋回有关,与绿岩带有关的造山型金矿是凯诺兰大陆聚合过程中的产物,而沉积岩容矿的铅锌矿床、不整合面型铀矿、铁氧化物型铜金矿床则在哥伦比亚超大陆裂解过程中形成。不同超大陆聚散过程中表现出不同的成矿特征,为今后的矿产勘查提供了丰富的信息。Abstract: The Precambrian geological evolution of Australia was closely linked to supercontinent cycles, with most geological and metallogenic events relating to supercontinent assembly and breakup. Australia mainly grew from west to east since Archean. The nuclei of Australian Precambrian craton consist of two Archean cratons, the Yilgarn and Pilbara cratons, which forming the oldest part of the continent. In Paleoproterozoic-Mesoproterozoic, North Australian craton, South Australian craton and West Australian craton initially assembled during the Paleoproterozoic amalgamation of Columbia, and then Middle-west Australian Precambrian craton came into shape in the process of the amalgamation of Rodinia. The metallogeny of Australian Precambrian craton are linked to the tectonic evolution and the supercontinent cycle, with orogenic gold province as a product of the assembly of Kenorland, whereas major sediment-hosted Zn-Pb deposits, iron oxide-Cu-Au deposits and unconformity-associated uranium deposits formed in the process of Columbia supercontinent breakup. The diverse supercontinent evolution shows different characteristics of metallogeny during supercontinent assembly and breakup which may provide fruitful information for future mineral exploration.
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Key words:
- supercontinent evolution /
- metallogeny /
- assembly and breakup /
- Precambrian craton /
- Australian
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