Grain size characteristics and environmental response of marine sediments in Laizhou Bay
-
摘要: 基于20个柱状样粒度信息,文章对山东莱州湾海域1~3 m厚度的沉积环境展开了研究。莱州湾海域沉积物粒度组分以砂质和粉砂质为主,整体上分选性偏差,在沉积过程中受周边环境改造明显。莱州湾海洋沉积动力环境在粒度方面有较好的响应,柱状样粒度分布图反映不同海域沉积物所处的外力作用阶段各有不同,但总体上随着搬运距离增大,至中部浅海平原,概率累积曲线斜率逐渐变大,阶段分化愈发明显。莱州湾浅部海域共同环境敏感组分为3≤φ≤4,沿岸河流性质和泥沙输运路径对粒度组分影响明显。综合前人关于沉积速率的研究成果,表明莱州湾东部海域粒度组分阶段性变化与1855年黄河改道在时间上存在一定的对应关系。就沉积物形成环境而言,莱州湾中部海域沉积环境水动力较强,物质来源多样。屺坶岛—刁龙嘴海域沉积物的颗粒略粗,需要的临界起动速度较大,发生再悬浮的几率相对较小。黄河水下三角洲沉积环境比较动荡,能量不稳定,处于重力流后期,能量衰减并向牵引流转化。南部的水下岸坡在波浪、潮流作用下有一定量的泥沙淤积。Abstract: This paper studied the 1~3 m thick sedimentary environment in the Laizhou Bay based on the grain size information of 20 core samples. Sand and silty sand are the main components of the sediments in Laizhou Bay, and their sorting degree is poor on the whole, indicating significant influence on the formation of the sediments exerted by surrounding factors. The grain size characteristics of the sediments in Laizhou Bay obviously reflect the environment. The distribution of grain size in cores indicate different stages of forces acting on the sediments in different sea areas. In general, from the coast of Laizhou Bay to the plain under middle shallow sea, the slope of the probability accumulation curve increases gradually and the periodic differentiation becomes more and more distinct. The environmentally sensitive component of Laizhou Bay sediment is 3≤φ≤4, and coastal river properties and sediment transport path have significant effects on grain size and components. Combined with the previous research on sedimentation rate, the periodic changes of grain size and components in the eastern area of Laizhou Bay is temporally corresponding to the diversion of the Yellow River in 1855. The sedimentary environment in the middle sea area of Laizhou Bay has strong hydrodynamics and diverse material sources. The grain size of sediments in Qimudao-Diaolongzui sea area is slightly coarse, requiring a higher critical starting speed and a relatively small probability of resuspension. The Yellow River submerged delta is relatively turbulent with unstable energy. It is in the late stage of gravity flow, with energy attenuation and conversion to traction and drainage. The underwater bank slope in the southern Bay has a certain amount of sedimentation under the action of waves and tidal currents.
-
Key words:
- Laizhou Bay /
- shallow sea /
- grain size of sediments /
- sedimentary environment
-
-
[1] MA Q, LI H L, WANG X J, et al. Estimation of seawater—groundwater exchange rate: case study in a tidal flat with a large-scale seepage face (Laizhou Bay, China)[J]. Hydrogeology Journal, 2015, 23(2):265-275.
[2] PENG J, CHEN S L. Response of delta sedimentary system to variation of water and sediment in the Yellow River over past six decades[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences,2010, 20(4):613-627.
[3] GAO M S, GUO F, HUANG X Y, et al. Sediment distribution and provenance since Late Pleistocene in Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, China[J]. China Geology, 2019,2(1):16-25.
[4] 王建,张军强,郭志谦,等. 莱州湾南部地区1973—2016年海岸演化及防护对策[J]. 海洋地质前沿,2019,35(2):27-36.
WANG J, ZHANG J Q, GUO Z Q, et al. Coastal evolution of southern coast of Laizhou Bay during 1973—2016 and maintanence countermeasures[J]. Marine Geology Frontiers, 2019, 35(2):27-36.
[5] 战超. 莱州湾东岸岬间海湾海岸地貌演变过程与影响机制[D]. 烟台: 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所, 2017. ZHAN C. Evolution of coastal geomorphology and influence mechanism of Headland Bay along Eastern Laizhou Bay[D]. Yantai: Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2017.
[6] 孙祝友,杜国云,朱大奎,等. 莱州湾东岸河流的分形特征与流域地貌发育研究[J]. 地理科学,2010,30(5):755-759.
SUN Z Y, DU G Y, ZHU D K, et al. Fractal features of rivers in eastern coast of Laizhou Bay and evolution of regional fluvial landform[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2010, 30(5):755-759.
[7] 王亮, 周心怀, 牛成民, 等. 渤海海域莱州湾凹陷构造演化对油气成藏的控制作用[J]. 地质科学, 2011, 46(3):838-846.
WANG L, ZHOU X H, NIU C M, et al. The effect of structure evolution on hydrocarbon accumulation in Laizhouwan depression, Bohai Bay[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology, 2011, 46(3):838-846.
[8] 董太禄. 渤海现代沉积作用与模式的研究[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 1996, 16(4): 43-53.
DONG T L. Modern sedimentation models in the Bohai Sea[J]. Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology, 1996, 16(4): 43-53.
[9] 张盼,胡日军,朱龙海,等. 莱州湾7000年以来沉积地球化学记录及其地质意义[J]. 中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 48(10):71-81.
ZHANG P, HU R J, ZHU L H, et al. Variation of geochemical records and geological significance of the sediments in the Laizhou Bay since 7000 a B.P.[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China(Natural Science Edition), 2018, 48(10):71-81.
[10] 刘艳霞, 祁雅莉, 黄海军,等. 渤海西南岸6000年古海岸线重建及影响因素解析[J]. 第四纪研究, 2015, 35(2):265-274.
LIU Y X, QI Y L, HUANG H J, et al. Reconstruction and differentiation factor of paleoshoreline for the southwestern of the Bohai Sea in 6ka B.P.[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2015, 35(2):265-274.
[11] 江文胜, 王厚杰.莱州湾悬浮泥沙分布形态及其与底质分布的关系[J].海洋与湖沼, 2005, 36(2): 97-103.
JIANG W S, WANG H J. Distribution of suspended matter and its relationship with sediment particle size in Laizhou Bay[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2005, 36(2): 97-103.
[12] 杜国云, 孙祝友, 刘俊菊. 海岸缓冲区规划管理与立法初探——以莱州湾东岸为例[J]. 地质灾害与环境保护, 2007, 18(3): 80-85.
DU G Y, SUN Z Y, LIU J J. Discussion on the layout management and legislation in the coast buffer zones——the eastern coast, Laizhou Bay[J]. Journal of Gelogical Hazards and Environment Preservation, 2007, 18(3): 80-85.
[13] 张胜平,徐振山,王军, 等. 莱州湾温带风暴潮预报研究[J]. 海洋预报, 2002,19(1):64-72.
ZHANG S P, XU Z S, WANG J, et al. Study on extratropical storm surge forecasting in Laizhou Bay[J]. Marine Forecasts, 2002,19(1):64-72.
[14] 李蒙蒙, 王庆, 张安定,等. 最近50年来莱州湾西—南部淤泥质海岸地貌演变研究[J]. 海洋通报, 2013, 32(2):141-151.
LI M M, WANG Q, ZHANG A D, et al. Study on the geomorphic evolution of the muddy coast along the southern-western Laizhou Bay over the past 50 years [J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 2013, 32(2):141-151.
[15] 罗先香, 张蕊, 杨建强, 等. 莱州湾表层沉积物重金属分布特征及污染评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2010,19(2): 262-269.
LUO X X, ZHANG R, YANG J Q, et al. Distribution and pollution assessment of heavy metals in surface sediment in Laizhou Bay[J]. Ecology and Environment Sciences, 2010, 19(2): 262-269.
[16] 于永海, 张盼, 林霞. 莱州湾现代沉积特征及中全新世以来沉积环境演变研究[M]. 南京: 河海大学出版社, 2017. YU Y H, ZHANG P, LIN X. Modern sedimentary characteristics of Laizhou Bay and evolution of sedimentary environment since the Middle Holocene[M]. Nanjing: Hohai University Press, 2017.
[17] 山东省地质矿产勘察开发局. 山东区域地质志[M]. 北京:地质出版社, 1991. Shandong Provincial Bureau of geology and Mineral resources. Regional geology of Shandong Province[M]. Beijing: Geology Press, 1991.
[18] 薛春汀,丁东. 渤海莱州湾南岸潍河—弥河三角洲:沉积序列和沉积格架[J]. 地理科学, 2008, 28(5):672-676.
XUE C T, DING D. Weihe River—Mihe River delta in south coast of Bohai Sea, China: Sedimentary sequence and architecture[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2008, 28(5):672-676.
[19] 陈炳安.小清河河口近海区泥沙动态分析[J]. 海洋通报,1982,1(5):57-70.
CHEN B A. Sediment in Xiaoqing River estuary and the adjacent regions[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 1982, 1(5):57-70.
[20] 孔祥淮, 叶思源, 王松涛, 等. 莱州湾海岸带海陆统筹综合地质调查(试点)成果报告[R].青岛: 中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所, 2017. KONG X H, YE S Y, WANG S T, et al. Report on the comprehensive geological survey (pilot) of the coastal zone of Laizhou Bay[R]. Qingdao: Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, 2017.
[21] BLOTT S J, PYE K. GRADISTAT: a grain size distribution and statistics package for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2010, 26(11):1237-1248.
[22] FOLK R L, WARD W C. Brazos River bar:a study in a significance of grain size parameters[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 1957, 27(1): 2-26.
[23] FOLK R L, ANDREWS P B, LEWIS D W. Detrital sedimentary rock classification and nomenclature for use in New Zealand[J]. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 1970, 13(4): 937-968.
[24] 丁大林, 徐继尚, 王继龙, 等. 海洋沉积物测年方法综述[J]. 华东地质, 2021, 42(2):217-228.
DING D L, XU J S, WANG J L, et al. A brief introduction on dating methods of marine sediments[J]. East China Geology, 2021, 42(2): 217-228.
[25] 杨松林, 刘国贤, 杜瑞芝, 等. 莱州湾及渤海中央盆地南部海域沉积速率的研究[J]. 海洋学报(中文版), 1991, 13(6):804-812.
YANG S L, LIU G X, DU R Z, et al. Study on sedimentation rate in the southern part of Laizhou Bay and Bohai Central Basin[J]. Acta Ocenologica Sinica(Chinese version), 1991, 13(6):804-812.
[26] 刘潇. 港口工程影响下莱州湾南岸海洋沉积环境演变研究[D]. 青岛:中国海洋大学,2014. LIU X. Study on the marine sedimentary environment evolution of the southern of Laizhou Bay under the impact of port projects[D]. Qingdao: Ocean University of China, 2014.
[27] 李凤业, 袁巍. 近代黄河三角洲海域210Pb多阶分布与河口变迁[J]. 海洋与湖沼,1992, 23(5):566-571.
LI F Y, YUAN W. Stage profiles of 210Pb and implication of migation of the channel to the modern Huanghe River Delta[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 1992, 23(5):566-571.
[28] LI F Y. Modern sedimentation rates and sedimentation feature in the Huanghe River estuary based on 210Pb technique[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 1993, 11(4):333-342.
[29] 李凤业, 史玉兰. 渤海南部现代沉积物堆积速率和沉积环境[J]. 黄渤海海洋, 1995, 13(2): 33-37.
LI F Y, SHI Y L. Accumulation rates of sediment and sedimentary environment in the South Bohai Sea[J]. Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai and Bohai seas, 1995, 13(2), 33-37.
[30] 任寒寒,范德江,张喜林,等. 黄河入海口变迁的沉积记录:来自粒度和210Pb的证据[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质,2014,34(4):21-29.
REN H H, FAN D J, ZHANG X L, et al. Sedimentary records of the Yellow River mouth migration: evidence from grain-size and 210Pb[J]. Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology, 2014, 34(4): 21-29.
[31] WU X, BI N S, KANAI Y, et al. Sedimentary records off the modern Huanghe (Yellow River) delta and their response to deltaic river channel shifts over the last 200 years[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2015, 108:68-80.
[32] ZHOU L Y, LIU J, SAITO Y, et al. Modern sediment characteristics and accumulation rates from the delta front to prodelta of the Yellow River (Huanghe) [J]. Geo-Marine Letters, 2016, 36(4): 247-258.
[33] SAHU B K. Depositonal mechanisms from the size analysis of clastic sediments [J]. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 1964, 34(1):73-83.
[34] GRÖGER M, HENRICH R, BICKERT T. Glacial-interglacial variability in lower North Atlantic deep water: inference from silt grain-size analysis and carbonate preservation in the western equatorial Atlan-tic [J]. Marine Geology, 2003, 201(4):321-332.
[35] 黄学勇,高茂生,侯国华,等.黄河三角洲南部宁海—西双河叶瓣潮滩沉积物粒度特征与季节变化分析[J].华东地质,2021,42(2):229-238.
HUANG X Y, GAO M S, HOU G H, et al. Grain size characteristics and seasonal variation of the Ninghai-Xishuanghe lobe tidal flat sediments in southern Yellow River Delta[J]. East China Geology, 2021, 42(2): 229-238.
[36] 丁喜桂, 叶思源, 宫少军, 等. 黄河三角洲ZK1孔岩心环境敏感粒度组分及沉积环境分析[J]. 世界地质,2010,29(4):575-581.
DING X G, YE S Y, GONG S J, et al. Analysis on environmentally sensitive grain-size population and sedimentary environment of ZK1 drilling core in Yellow River delta [J]. Global Geology, 2010, 29(4):575-581.
[37] 张洪涛, 张训华, 温珍河,等. 中国东部海区及邻域地质地球物理系列图[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2010. ZHANG H T, ZHANG X H, WEN Z H, et al. Geological and geophysical series of the eastern China sea area and adjacent areas[M]. Beijing: Ocean Publishing House, 2010.
[38] 李林,曲永强,孟庆任,等. 重力流沉积:理论研究与野外识别[J]. 沉积学报, 2011, 29(4): 677-688.
LI L,QU Y Q,MENG Q R, et al. Gravity flow sedimentation: theoretical studies and field identification[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2011, 29(4): 677-688.
[39] HENRY W P, VENKATARATHNAM K, 刘化清. 深水浊流沉积综述[J]. 沉积学报, 2019, 37(5): 879-903.
HENRY W P, VENKATARATHNAM K, LIU H Q. An overview of deep-water turbidite deposition[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2019, 37(5): 879-903.
[40] 李华, 何明薇, 邱春光, 等. 深水等深流与重力流交互作用沉积(2000—2022年)研究进展[J]. 沉积学报, 2023, 41(1): 18-36.
LI H, HE M W, QIU C G, et al. Research processes on deep-water interaction between contour current and gravity flow deposits, 2000 to 2022[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2023, 41(1): 18-36.
[41] 彭俊, 陈沈良, 李谷祺, 等. 黄河三角洲岸线及现行河口区水下地形演变[J]. 地理学报, 2012, 67(3): 368-376.
PENG J, CHEN S L, LI G Q, et al. Evolution of coastline and subaqueous geomorphology off the survived river mouth in the Yellow River Delta[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(3): 368-376.
[42] GAO J, CHEN X E, YU H M, et al. Numerical simulation of tides, tidal currents and residual currents in the Yellow River estuary[J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 2016, 18(1):1-8.
[43] 李泽刚. 黄河口拦门沙的形成和演变[J]. 地理学报,1997, 51(1):54-62.
LI Z G. Formation and evolution of the bar on Yellow River esturary[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1997, 51(1):54-62.
[44] 王庆,杨华,仲少云,等. 山东莱州浅滩的沉积动态与地貌演变[J]. 地理学报, 2003, 58(5): 749-756.
WANG Q, YANG H, ZHONG S Y, et al. Sedimentary dynamics and geomorphic evolution of the Laizhou Shoal[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2003, 58(5): 749-756.
[45] 杨鸣. 莱州湾南岸海岸带环境退化及治理对策研究[D].青岛: 中国海洋大学,2005. YANG M. Study on the coastal zone environment degradation in the southern coast of the LaZihou Bay and its control policy[D]. Qingdao: Ocean University of China, 2005.
-
计量
- 文章访问数: 694
- PDF下载数: 99
- 施引文献: 0
下载: