Comprehensive evaluation index system for mine environment in the upper-middle reaches of Le'an River, Jiangxi Province
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摘要:
为了研究区域矿山环境综合评价指标体系，文章选择乐安河中上游为研究区，从自然地理、基础地质、矿山开发以及地质环境等要素中选取15项指标，以1.0 km×1.0 km的网格为评价单元，采用层次分析法﹣综合指数法进行综合评价。结果表明，研究区矿山地质环境影响严重区有18个单元，主要分布于铜矿、金矿等矿集区的开采区；影响较严重区有107个单元，主要分布于煤矿的开采区及铜矿、金矿等矿集区的非开采区。经野外实地验证，综合评价结果与现实情况的一致性较高，表明该评价指标体系具有一定的实用价值，可为金属矿及煤矿等区域矿山环境评价工作提供借鉴。
Abstract:To study the comprehensive evaluation index system for regional mining environment, this paper took the upper-middle reaches of Le’an River as a case study and selected 15 indicators from natural geography, basic geology, mine exploitation and geological environment, and used the grid of 1.0×1.0 km as the evaluation unit. The evaluation employed analytical hierarchy process-comprehensive index method, the results of which show that there are 18 units in the most severely affected area (grade 4) in the study area, mainly distributed in the mining areas of copper and gold deposits. There are 107 units in the severely affected area (grade 3), mainly distributed in the mining areas of coal mines and the non-mining areas outside the copper and gold deposits. The field survey verified that the comprehensive evaluation results were highly consistent with the actual situation, proving a certain practical value of the evaluation index system, which can provide reference for regional mine environmental assessment on metals deposits and coal mines.
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表 1 研究区资料收集一览表
Table 1. Research data of the study area
数据名称 数据来源 2014年采矿权等数据 江西省地质局 2016年废弃矿山等数据 江西省矿产资源保障
服务中心多目标区域地球化学
调查数据江西省地质局 地质图 江西省地质局 2022年资源三号（ZY3-3）卫星 自然资源卫星遥感
云服务平台降雨量 国家气象科学数据中心 
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表 2 量化模型分级规则表
Table 2. Quantitative model grading table
评价因子 分级 Ⅰ级 Ⅱ级 Ⅲ级 Ⅳ级 无影响 一般 较严重 严重 自然地理 地形地貌 坡度0~15°的面积＞80% 坡度15~30°的面积＞80% 其他 坡度30~90°的面积＞30% 降雨量/mm （0, 200] （200, 800] （800, 1 200] （1 200, 3 000] 植被覆盖率/% （80, 100] （50, 80] （30, 50] （0, 30] 区域重要程度 根据水系、铁路、高速公路、村庄的缓冲区距离与缓冲区层数进行分级 基础地质 地质构造 无 1条断层 2条断层 3条断层及以上 岩性组合 硬质岩>50% 硬质岩与软质岩为1∶1 软质岩>50% 松散堆积物>50% 矿山开采 占地面积比例/% 无 （0, 30] （30, 50] （50, 100] 开采矿山数量/个 无开采矿山 1 2 ≥3 开采强度 微型 小型 中型 大型 开采方式 无开采 地下开采 联合开采 露天开采 主采矿种 无开采 非金属矿 金属矿 能源矿 地质环境 地质灾害灾害线、
面等级和无 [1, 2] [3, 4] ＞4 尾矿库面积占比/% 无 （0, 30] （30, 50] （50, 100] 土壤污染 无污染 轻度污染 中度污染 重度污染 恢复治理面积
占比/%无 （0, 30] （30, 50] （50, 100]
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表 3 研究区要素层重要性标度及权重
Table 3. Scale and weight of the standard layer matrix
要素层 自然
地理基础
地质矿山
开发地质
环境权重Wi 自然地理 1 1 1/7 1/9 0.054 59 基础地质 1 1 1/7 1/9 0.054 59 矿山开发 7 7 1 1/2 0.342 16 地质环境 9 9 2 1 0.548 67 注：CR=0.009 16；最大特征根λmax=4.024 46；权重为1.000 00
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表 4 自然地理重要性标度及权重
Table 4. Scale and weight of the natural geography layer matrix
指标层 地形地貌 降雨量 植被覆
盖度区域重
要程度权重Wi 地形地貌 1 5 2 3 0.483 19 降雨量 1/5 1 1/3 1/2 0.088 22 植被覆
盖度1/2 3 1 2 0.271 72 区域重
要程度1/3 2 1/2 1 0.156 88 注：CR=0.005 44；最大特征根λmax=4.014 52；权重为0.054 59
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表 5 研究区基础地质重要性标度及权重
Table 5. Scale and weight of the basic geology layer matrix
指标层 地质构造 岩性组合 权重Wi 地质构造 1 2 0.682 90 岩性组合 1/2 1 0.341 45 注：最大特征根λmax=2.026 81；权重为0.054 59
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表 6 研究区矿山开发重要性标度及权重
Table 6. Scale and weight of the mine exploitation layer matrix
指标层 占地
比例开采
密度开采
强度开采
方式主采
矿种权重Wi 占地比例 1 2 3 6 6 0.404 22 开采密度 1/2 1 2 4 3 0.299 21 开采强度 1/3 1/2 1 2 2 0.146 12 开采方式 1/6 1/4 1/2 1 1 0.073 06 主采矿种 1/6 1/3 1/2 1 1 0.077 39 注：CR=0.002 96；最大特征根λmax=5.013 25；权重为0.342 16
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表 7 研究区地质环境重要性标度及权重
Table 7. Scale and weight of the geological environment layer matrix
指标层 地质灾害 尾矿库 土壤污染 恢复治理 权重Wi 地质灾害 1 3 2 8 0.524 62 尾矿库 1/3 1 2 2 0.214 18 土壤污染 1/2 1/2 1 3 0.185 48 恢复治理 1/8 1/2 1/3 1 0.075 72 注：CR=0.061 35；最大特征根λmax=4.163 81；权重为0.548 67
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表 8 研究区矿山地质环境评价因子权重表
Table 8. Evaluation factors’ weights of the mine geological environment
要素层 指标层 要素因子 Wi 指标因子 权重Wi 自然地理 0.054 59 地形地貌 0.026 38 降雨量 0.004 82 植被覆盖率 0.014 83 区域重要程度 0.008 56 基础地质 0.054 59 地质构造 0.036 57 岩性组合 0.018 01 矿山开采 0.342 16 占地比例 0.138 31 开采密度 0.102 38 开采强度 0.050 00 开采方式 0.025 00 主采矿种 0.026 48 地质环境 0.548 67 地质灾害 0.287 84 尾矿库 0.117 51 土壤污染 0.101 77 恢复治理 0.041 55
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表 9 研究区矿山地质环境分级
Table 9. Classification of the mine geological environment
等级 级别名称 对应分值区间 Ⅰ级 无影响区 （0，40.17] Ⅱ级 影响轻微区 （40.17，51.04] Ⅲ级 影响较严重区 （51.04，63.68] Ⅳ级 影响严重区 （63.68，100]
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