The characteristics and influencing factors of element combination in cultivated surface soil of the Shijiaqiao area, northern Zhejiang Province
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摘要:
基于浙北施家桥地区耕地质量调查项目的成果数据，对该区的耕地表层土壤进行了加密采样分析，获得了19 项土壤元素指标数据。利用 SPSS 软件对分析结果进行了聚类分析和因子分析，结合区域地质背景和各项指标组合的地球化学特征，分析了该区耕地表层土壤元素的组合特征及其影响因素。结果表明：研究区土壤元素与吴兴区土壤背景值较接近，表层土壤总体呈酸性；表层土壤的元素含量主要受成土母质控制，其次受有机质腐殖质变质过程、岩石风化作用、水系分布以及人类生产活动影响；N、K元素含量以中等-丰富为主，P元素含量以较缺乏-中等为主，Mn元素含量相对缺乏。建议根据耕种需求对土壤进行合理的施肥，加强对局部重金属异常区的污染源控制。
Abstract:Based on the data gathered from quality survey of the cultivated land in the Shijiaqiao area, northern Zhejiang Province, we sampled and analyzed the cultivated surface soil of the research area at a higher density, and obtained 19 indexes of soil elements. The study adopted SPSS to process the test results with cluster analysis and factor analysis, in combination with the regional geological background and the chemistry of indexes combinations, and concluded the combination characteristics and influencing factors of elements in cultivated topsoil. The results show that the surface soil was generally acidic and the content of elements was close to the background value of that in Wuxing District. The elements content in the surface soil were mainly influenced by parent material, followed by the process of organic humus, rock weathering, water distribution, and human production activities. The content of N and K was medium to rich in general, while the content of P was mainly deficient to medium, and Mn was relatively deficient. It is suggested to fertilize reasonably according to farming needs, and pay more attention to control pollution sources in local heavy metal anomaly areas.
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表 1 施家桥一带表层土壤元素含量特征参数统计结果
Table 1. Parameter characteristics of element content in surface soil in the Shijiaqiao area
元素 最小值 最大值 平均值 标准差 变异系数/% 背景值 浙江省 湖州市 吴兴区 As 2.03 16.40 6.03 2.28 38 6.39 6.10 6.84 B 9.33 93.20 57.29 14.06 25 48.05 61.00 62.90 Cd 0.05 0.87 0.22 0.09 42 0.17 0.19 0.19 Co 5.75 20.90 12.10 3.11 26 10.66 13.30 12.23 Cr 11.50 103.00 60.69 18.72 31 54.30 78.20 62.40 Cu 10.20 82.70 25.24 8.24 33 23.21 27.30 24.70 Ge 1.15 1.73 1.45 0.12 8 1.46 1.49 1.49 Hg 0.01 0.69 0.21 0.12 55 0.10 0.11 0.16 K2O 0.98 3.84 2.06 0.56 27 2.59 2.21 2.07 Mn 166.00 1362.00 533.86 232.02 43 521.00 434.00 478.00 Mo 0.40 3.14 0.86 0.34 40 0.75 0.58 0.69 N 0.32 3.59 1.96 0.77 39 1.33 1.02 1.37 Ni 4.36 47.50 24.33 9.33 38 19.59 30.00 26.35 P 0.28 3.48 0.77 0.43 56 0.65 0.61 0.64 Pb 22.10 415.00 38.36 36.53 95 33.24 30.00 32.64 Se 0.10 0.76 0.36 0.11 29 0.29 0.32 0.36 V 50.80 126.00 84.80 17.68 21 76.03 102.00 83.60 Zn 45.00 165.00 90.16 20.87 23 83.50 103.00 81.00 pH值 3.90 8.63 5.79 0.95 16 5.77 5.34 6.06 注：氧化物的含量单位为%，N、P的含量单位为g/kg， pH值无量纲，其他元素的含量单位为mg/kg。 
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表 2 KMO和Bartlett球形度检验结果
Table 2. KMO and Bartlett test sheets
KMO 值 0.72 Bartlett球形度检验 近似卡方 1714.47 自由度 171 显著性 0.000
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表 3 研究区表层土壤特征根及因子提取结果
Table 3. Surface soil characteristic root and factor extraction results
因子 初始特征值 提取载荷平方和 旋转载荷平方和 特征根 方差贡献率/% 累积贡献率/% 特征根 方差贡献率/% 累积贡献率/% 特征根 方差贡献率/% 累积贡献率/% F1 5.486 28.871 28.871 5.486 28.871 28.871 5.319 27.996 27.996 F2 3.237 17.036 45.907 3.237 17.036 45.907 2.545 13.395 41.391 F3 2.098 11.043 56.950 2.098 11.043 56.950 2.187 11.510 52.901 F4 1.958 10.306 67.257 1.958 10.306 67.257 2.140 11.265 64.166 F5 1.391 7.322 74.579 1.391 7.322 74.579 1.978 10.413 74.579
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表 4 研究区因子分析正交旋转因子载荷矩阵
Table 4. Orthogonal rotation factor load matrix of factor analysis in study area
变量 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 Ni 0.961 0.025 0.066 −0.093 −0.065 V 0.943 0.001 0.001 0.129 0.057 Cr 0.909 0.063 0.069 −0.260 0.078 Ge 0.879 −0.005 −0.131 0.049 0.024 Co 0.825 −0.238 −0.027 0.069 0.327 Cu 0.582 0.341 0.395 −0.116 0.088 Se 0.034 0.887 0.148 −0.178 0.103 Mn 0.052 −0.637 0.210 0.059 0.600 N 0.167 0.618 0.296 −0.081 −0.555 pH值 0.181 −0.601 0.362 0.135 0.844 Pb 0.079 0.416 0.091 0.272 0.069 Cd 0.032 0.094 0.803 0.016 −0.257 P −0.328 0.758 −0.065 −0.233 0.317 Zn 0.585 −0.002 0.661 0.180 0.066 K2O 0.350 −0.342 −0.015 0.777 −0.127 Mo −0.153 0.190 −0.066 0.728 0.239 B 0.377 0.101 −0.097 −0.716 0.265 Hg −0.108 0.249 0.198 −0.399 −0.354 As 0.259 0.142 0.031 −0.038 0.118
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