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摘要: 荒漠化目前已成为威胁全球生态环境的主要问题。我国北方地区风蚀作用强烈,是土地沙质荒漠化问题最为突出的地区。以沙漠、沙地分布较广的北方6省(区)为研究区,利用遥感技术获取2010—2018年研究区沙质荒漠化演化特征,并将气象、地质等因素进行综合分析,探讨毛乌素沙地、科尔沁沙地沙质荒漠化变化原因。遥感解译结果表明: 2018年北方地区沙质荒漠化土地共35.08万km2,其中重度沙质荒漠化面积11.92万km2,中度沙质荒漠化13.54万km2,轻度沙质荒漠化9.62万km2,主要分布于内蒙古自治区和新疆维吾尔自治区; 2010—2018年,北方地区沙质荒漠化土地面积减少0.73万km2,其中,新疆维吾尔自治区沙质荒漠化面积减少0.48万km2,内蒙古自治区减少0.19万km2,同时有2.78万km2沙质荒漠化土地程度减轻。以毛乌素沙地和科尔沁沙地为典型研究区,对比两沙地生态地质条件差异,总结了沙质荒漠化好转、加重的原因。研究认为,毛乌素沙地应降低人类活动干扰的影响,以自然恢复为主; 科尔沁沙地应加强地下水资源管理,优化植被结构,进一步推进退耕还林、退耕还草工作。研究成果为我国北方沙质荒漠化地区生态保护修复提供了科学参考。Abstract: Desertification has became a major threat to the global ecological environment. The wind erosion is very intense in North China, with prominent sandy desertification problems. In this research, the authors selected six northern provinces with widely sandy land distribution as the study area to comprehensively analyze the meteorological and geological factors and discuss the cause of change in Maowusu sandy land and Horqin sandy land, based on the evolution patterns of sandy desertification land by TM images of 2010 and OLI images of 2018. The results indicated that the sandy desertification land in North China in 2018 was 350 800 km2, mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, with severe, moderate and mild sandy desertification land of 119 200 km2 135 400 km2 and 96 200 km2, respectively. From 2010 to 2018, the area of sandy desertification land in North China decreased by 7 400 km2, and the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region decreased mostly with the areas of 4 800 km2 and 1 900 km2, respectively, also with the area of desertification reduction of 35 400 km2. Taking the Maowusu and Horqin sandy land as typical study area, the authors compared the differences of the ecogeological conditions between these two areas, and summarized the cause of improvement and aggravation of sandy desertification. Moreover, the authors suggested that the impact of human activities should be reduced for natural recovery in Maowusu sandy land, and in Horqin sandy the groundwater resources management land should be strengthened and vegetation structure should be optimized to promote returning farmland to forest or grassland. This research would provide scientific reference for the ecological protection of sandy desertification in North China.
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Key words:
- North China /
- sandy desertification /
- transition matrix /
- Maowusu sandy land /
- Horqin sandy land /
- ecogeological survey
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