Nature-based Solutions implications for the ecological conservation and restoration in China
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摘要: 基于自然的解决方案(Nature-based Solutions, NbS)指对生态系统加以保护和恢复,并对其进行可持续管理,从而造福人类的行动。目前国际社会普遍认可采用NbS对抗生态系统退化、全球气候变暖、生物多样性丧失等人类共同面对的挑战。针对NbS的研究和相关理论仍处于构建阶段,以世界自然保护联盟为代表的研究机构已经初步建立了NbS全球标准和使用指南。我国针对NbS的现有研究主要参考该国际标准,但尚未形成本土化的理论和标准体系,同时缺少基于该标准的相关实践工作。通过总结NbS的相关文献和成果,分析目前国际上NbS的发展现状及趋势,并以印度Banni草原生态系统修复作为典型案例,结合我国国情,提出了对中国在NbS生态系统恢复和保护工作上的7点建议,即: 将NbS政策主流化、加强区域和国际合作、加强NbS资金投入、建立适应本土的NbS标准体系、开展多部门合作、重视试点实验以及加强自下而上的参与模式。期望可以为我国的NbS研究者及从业者提供更广泛的国际视角。Abstract: Nature-based Solutions(NbS) are actions to protect, restore and manage ecosystems, and keep sustainable management of ecosystems, which would benefit humans. NbS are widely accepted by the international community as effective approaches to combat human challenges including ecosystem degradation, global warming as well as biodiversity loss. At present, the relevant theories of NbS in the world are still under consturction. The organizations represented by the IUCN have initially established the global standards and guidelines of NbS. The NbS researches in China mainly refer to the global standards, and have not formed a local theory or standard system yet. Besides, the practical work under the standards was also in absence. In this paper based on the literature review of NbS, the authors summarized the development status and tendency of NbS, and investigated the typical case of Banni grassland ecosystem restoration in India. Combined with the national conditions, seven recommendations on NbS for China were proposed, that is mainstreaming the NbS policy, strengthening regional and international cooperation, strengthening the investment of NbS funds, establishing local NbS standards and guidelines, cooperating among departments, emphasizing pilot experiment, and strengthening the bottom-up participation mode. Finally, the authors expect that this paper would provide an international perspective for Chinese researchers and practitioners on NbS.
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