Suitability study of cave air environment development and utilization: A case study of Dacao sinkhole-Red Rose hall cave system
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摘要:
洞穴空气环境研究是洞穴保护的基础，洞穴开发前应开展空气环境开发利用适宜性评价，评估是否适于开展洞穴游览活动，从而避免洞穴景观资源遭受破坏。以广西乐业县大曹天坑—红玫瑰大厅洞穴系统为例，对拟开发利用洞段中的温度、相对湿度、CO2浓度、空气正负离子、气压和风速评价指标进行了测量。结果表明: 拟开发利用洞段洞内平均温度为17.2 ℃，相对湿度平均值为94.74%，CO2平均浓度为625.82×106，属一级卫生标准，且洞内气压(流)环境良好，空气流动缓慢; 洞内和洞外空气负离子平均浓度分别为5 370个/cm3和1 350个/cm3，最大值为14 000个/cm3，洞内空气质量评价指数(comprehensive index，CI)平均值为7.73，最高值可达28，远大于空气质量等级分级标准中“最清洁”级别的临界指标(1.0)。综合以上结论认为该洞段适于开展洞穴游览活动。通过该案例提出对岩溶洞穴景观资源空气环境开发利用适宜性评价的理论方法体系，可为旅游洞穴的保护和利用提供科学参考。
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关键词:
- 洞穴空气环境 /
- 环境保护 /
- 适宜性评价 /
- 洞穴开发 /
- 大曹天坑—红玫瑰大厅洞穴系统
Abstract:The study of the cave air environment is the basis for the cave environment protection, and the development and utilization suitability evaluation of the air environment should be carried out before the cave development. It should be evaluated whether it is suitable for carrying out cave sightseeing activities without damaging the cave landscape resources. In this paper, the authors took Dacao sinkhole-Red Rose hall cave system in Leye county as an example to measure the temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, positive and negative air ions, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and other factors. The results show that the average temperature of the proposed development and utilization tunnel section is 17.2 ℃, and the average relative humidity is 94.74%, with the average concentration of CO2 being 625.82×10-6, belonging to the first level health standard. Besides, the atmospheric pressure (flow) environment inside the tunnel is good, and the wind speed is slow. The average concentration of negative oxygen ions inside and outside the cave is 5 370/cm3 and 1 350/cm3, respectively, with the maximum value of 14 000/cm3. The average value of the air quality evaluation index (comprehensive index, CI) inside the tunnel is 7.73, with the maximum value of 28, which is much higher than the critical indicator (1.0) of the "cleanest" level in the air quality grading standard. This cave section is concluded to be suitable for conducting cave tourism activities based on the above conclusions. The theory and method system for the suitability evaluation of the air environment development and utilization of karst cave landscape resources was proposed in this case study, which could provide scientific references for the protection and utilization of tourist caves.
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表 1 洞穴空气环境参数测量记录表
Table 1. Record form of cave air environmental parameters measurement
测点 温度/℃ 相对湿度/% CO2浓度/10-6 气压/hPa 风速/(m·s-1) 正离子浓度/(个·cm-3) 负离子浓度/(个·cm-3) 单极系数(q) 空气质量评价指数(CI) A 23.5 44.4 343 886.2 0.6 1 900 1 400 1.4 1.03 B 17.7 68.6 347 899.8 0.4 2 200 1 300 1.7 0.77 C 15.0 83.6 334 902.5 0.0 2 800 1 500 1.9 0.80 D 14.8 84.7 373 899.7 0.5 1 700 2 000 0.9 2.35 E 15.5 83.4 362 901.2 0.0 3 300 2 700 1.2 2.21 F 16.5 99.8 586 906.6 0.5 2 700 3 600 0.8 4.80 G 17.5 99.9 695 909.1 0.0 6 500 6 300 1.0 6.11 H 18.1 99.9 770 910.3 1.1 5 500 8 600 0.6 13.45 I 18.6 99.9 802 909.4 0.2 7 000 14 000 0.5 28.00 J 19.2 99.9 786 912.1 0.2 6 300 9 600 0.7 14.63 K 18.1 97.5 758 909.4 0.0 1 600 2 300 0.7 3.31 L 18.0 98.5 749 910.0 0.0 3 400 2 900 1.2 2.47 M 17.5 99.9 760 910.9 0.0 4 300 4 800 0.9 5.36 N 17.8 99.1 756 910.7 0.0 4 000 5 600 0.7 7.84 O 17.5 99.8 738 909.7 0.0 5 300 6 900 0.8 8.98 P 18.2 99.7 856 909.8 0.0 5 400 6 500 0.8 7.82 Q 17.6 99.9 827 908.9 0.0 6 100 6 900 0.9 7.80 R 17.3 94.3 687 905.3 0.0 4 700 4 800 1.0 4.90 S 16.7 96.6 660 905.3 0.0 2 200 6 800 0.3 21.02 T 16.3 94.8 582 901.5 0.0 4 100 5 900 0.7 8.49 U 16.5 94.8 612 901.1 0.0 5 600 4 400 1.3 3.46 V 19.6 50.6 385 899.9 1.0 1 600 1 300 1.2 1.06 注: 测量日期为2022年11月。 
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表 2 空气质量等级分级标准
Table 2. Air quality grading standards
PCI ＞1.0 [1.0, 0.7) [0.7, 0.5) [0.5, 0.3) ≤0.30 等级 A级 B级 C级 D级 E级 清洁度 最清洁 一般清洁 中等清洁 容许 临界值
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