Analysis and evaluation of heavy metal and eutrophication characteristics in the surface seawater of Fangchenggang Sea in Guangxi
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摘要: 海水重金属和营养盐的研究对于了解海洋生态系统平衡、评估海洋环境质量、制定保护策略等方面具有重要意义。为研究防城港海域表层海水水体质量,于2021年9月在防城港海域开展调查,分析海水中的溶解氧(dissolved oxygen, DO)、化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand, COD)、溶解无机氮(dissolved inorganic nitrogen, DIN)、溶解无机磷(dissolved inorganic phosphorus, DIP)及5种重金属(Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、As)含量,采用单因子指数、水质综合污染指数、有机污染指数和富营养化指数对海水水体质量进行评价。结果显示: 除DIN和DIP外,防城港海域表层海水中其他因子均优于二类海水水质标准; 单因子评价表明超标因子主要为DIP和DIN,超标率分别为70%和98%; 水质综合污染指数法评价表明整个海域均处于轻度及以上污染; 重金属风险熵评价结果表明防城港海域主要风险元素为Cu、Cd和Zn; 富营养化和有机污染指数表明防城港海域均处于有机污染状态,且有55%区域处于富营养化状态,多集中在企沙半岛南部海域及防城港航道。综合分析表明: DIN和DIP主要受海水养殖业和沿岸污水排放的影响; 5种重金属主要来源为海洋运输、海水养殖业及工业废水排放、混合输入源,3种来源相对贡献率分别为18%、8%和74%。研究成果可为防城港海域可持续发展、海洋环境保护和治理提供科学依据。Abstract: The research on heavy metals and nutrients in seawater is of great significance to the understanding of the balance of marine ecosystems, the assessing of the quality of marine environment, and the formulating of the protection strategies. In order to study the water quality of the surface seawater in Fangchenggang sea, the authors carried out an investigation in Fangchenggang sea in September 2021 to analyze the Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN), Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus (DIP), and 5 heavy metal contents (Cu,Pb,Cd,Zn,As) of the seawater. The seawater quality was evaluated using single factor index, water quality index, organic pollution index, and eutrophication index. The results show that except for DIN and DIP, all the other factors in the surface seawater of Fangchenggang sea are superior to Class II seawater quality standard. The single factor evaluation show that the main exceeding factors were DIP and DIN, with the exceeding rates of 70% and 98%, respectively. The comprehensive pollution index method for water quality evaluation indicates that the entire sea is in mild or above pollution. The evaluation results of heavy metal risk entropy show that the main risk elements in Fangchenggang sea are Cu, Cd, and Zn. The whole sea area is in organic pollution state based on eutrophication index and organic pollution index, and 55% of the area is in eutrophic state, mostly concentrated in the southern waters of Qisha Peninsula and Fangchenggang waterway. Further analysis indicates that DIN and DIP are mainly affected by the marine aquaculture industry and coastal sewage discharge. The main sources of the five heavy metals are marine transportation, marine aquaculture and industrial wastewater discharge, mixed input source, with the relative contribution rates of 18%, 8%, and 74%, respectively. This could provide some scientific basis for the sustainable development, marine environmental protection, and governance of Fangchenggang sea.
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Key words:
- Fangchenggang sea /
- surface water /
- heavy metal /
- comprehensive pollution index /
- eutrophication /
- organic pollution
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