Seismic exploration of potassium salt in Dalangtan-Heibei concave of Qaidam Basin and its preliminary results
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摘要: 柴西北大浪滩—黑北凹地钾盐资源储量丰富,但常规地震探测技术浅层覆盖次数不足,影响成像品质。为探测大浪滩—黑北凹地地下含钾卤水储层精细结构等特征,开展高分辨率反射地震探测研究,通过采集参数优化试验、有效数据处理,获得该区高品质地震资料与初步勘探成果。结果表明: ①采用小道距、长排列、高覆盖接收、可控震源强能量宽频激发的采集方案,有利于获得高品质原始数据; ②通过多次迭代动校正+F-K滤波有效压制线性干扰,同时保护了浅层有效波,避免了断层假象,成像品质显著提高,有力刻画了地质构造特征; ③地震资料揭示深部砂砾型储卤层顶部与上覆地层呈角度不整合接触,储层两端受两条断层控制,储层空间由不整合面、断层和底部强反射界面组成由南向北逐渐尖灭的三角形区域,推测该三角形储层可能为砂砾型含钾卤水有利储集空间。应用有效地震探测技术可揭示地下基础构造格架,精细刻画含钾卤水储层地层结构等特征,研究结果可为探究含钾卤水储层特征提供地球物理依据,对进一步研究砂砾型含钾卤水具有一定意义。Abstract: The potassium salt resources are abundant in Dalangtan-Heibei concave in northwestern Qaidam Basin, but the shallow folds of conventional seismic detection technology are insufficient, affecting the imaging quality. In order to detect the fine structure of potassium brine reservoir in Dalangtan-Heibei concave, the authors carried out high-resolution reflection seismic detection. The high-quality seismic data and preliminary exploration results were obtained in this area, through the acquisition parameter optimization test and effective data processing. ① The acquisition scheme of small trace spacing, long array, high folds, vibroseis excitation with strong energy and broadband is conducive to obtaining high quality original data. ② The linear interference is effectively suppressed through multiple iterative dynamic correction and F-K filtering, and shallow effective waves were preserved to avoid fault illusion. The imaging quality was significantly improved, and the geological structures were effectively deciphered. ③ The seismic data reveal that the top of the deep gravel type halogen reservoir is in angular unconformity contact with the overlying strata, and the two ends of the reservoir are controlled by two faults. The reservoir space is composed of unconformity surface, faults and strong reflection interface at the bottom, which gradually peaks out in a triangular area from south to north, suggesting that the triangular reservoir may be a favorable storage space for gravel type potccssium-containing brine. In this paper, the effective seismic detection technology was used to successfully reveal the underground structural framework, and the characteristics of the formation structure of the potassium brine reservoir were finely deciphered. This work could provide geophysical basis for the exploration of the characteristics of the potassium brine reservoir, and is of significance for the further study of the gravel type potassium-containing brine.
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