Exploration history of geological mineral resources in Sanmenxia basin and implications from oil and gas discovery
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摘要:
三门峡盆地为华北陆块南缘以新生界为主的一个小型断陷盆地，自20世纪50年代以来，陆续开展过二维地震和钻井等油气勘探工作，2023年油气调查取得突破。近70 a的勘探历程可分为: 石油普查和基础地质调查、公益性油气地质调查、油气突破和潜力评价3个阶段。近年来，公益性油气调查在盆地南缘落实了古近系烃源岩，并取得油气成藏新认识; 为进一步查明盆地含油气性，在函谷关构造带优选部署实施豫峡地1井，测井综合解释油层5层，分层试油均获得稳定工业油流，实现了三门峡盆地油气发现; 初步估算了三门峡盆地油气远景地质资源量。通过总结三门峡盆地勘探历程和油气突破，获得5点启示: 注重一线调查细节，发现潜在烃源岩; 综合以往各类资料，加强油气基础地质研究; 探索经济适用技术，深化认识查验疑点; 地质和工程紧密衔接，促进油气快速突破; 央-地-企协同勘查，加快落实资源潜力。三门峡盆地作为我国数量颇多的低勘探程度中小型盆地的代表，由烃源岩发现到快速突破的勘探经验和工作启示，有助于提振周缘久攻未克的渭河盆地和南华北盆地的勘探信心，对于对我国动力学背景类似的中小型盆地油气勘查也具有重要的引领和借鉴意义。
Abstract:Sanmenxia basin is a small Cenozoic-dominated rift basin in the southern margin of North China Block, and 2D seismic and drilling work of oil and gas exploration has been conducted since the 1950 s. Significant progress was made in 2023, and three exploration phases were divided for 70 years of exploration, including petroleum prospecting and basic geological survey, public-benefit oil and gas geological survey, hydrocarbon breakthrough and resource potential assessment. In recent years, Paleogene hydrocarbon source rocks were identified in the southern basin through public-benefit oil and gas survey, and advanced understanding of hydrocarbon accumulation was obtained. Well Yuxiadi-1 was strategically deployed in Hanguguan structural belt to further evaluate oil and gas potential, and five oil-bearing layers were revealed through logging interpretation. Stable industrial oil flows were obtained during multi-layer testing, marking a historic breakthrough in Sanmenxia basin. Preliminary estimate of the basin's prospective geological resources has been made. Five critical insights emerge from exploration history and oil breakthrough. ① Meticulous field observations enable source rock identification. ② Integrated data analysis enhances fundamental petroleum geology research. ③ Cost-effective technical approaches have been explored, the anderstanding has been deepened and the cloubts have been verified; ④ Synergized geological-engineering integration accelerates discoveries. ⑤ Collaborative central government-local government-enterprise exploration model optimizes resource evaluation. As a representative of China's numerous under-explored medium-small basins, Sanmenxia's rapid transition from source rock discovery to commercial flow achievement boosts confidence for the neighboring basins like Weihe basin and the Southern North China basin, and provides valuable guidance and references for hydrocarbon exploration in structurally similar small-medium basins nationwide.
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