Comparative Study of the Accumulated Effect of Heavy Metals on Soil and Wheat in Xiaoqinling Gold Mining Area
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摘要: 以小秦岭金矿区农田土壤和小麦为研究对象，依据国家土壤环境质量标准、食品安全标准和邻区对照值，以单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合指数法评价土壤、小麦重金属的累积污染现状，采用MapGIS6.7和地统计法研究了土壤和小麦重金属的空间分布和污染程度的差异。结果表明，金矿开发造成土壤Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu的明显累积和污染，累积倍数分别为18.97、8.67、4.50、4.03，污染倍数为4.48、3.50、3.46、3.13，而Cr、As和Zn累积不明显，也不是研究区的特征污染元素。区内小麦Hg、Pb、Cd受到了比较明显的人为影响，小麦中Hg、Cu、Cd出现了累积现象，但仅有Pb达到了污染水平（超标倍数2.01）；土壤Cu、Zn的各种形态及其总量与小麦中含量显著或极显著相关，土壤Hg、As的部分形态、总量与小麦中的含量显著、极显著相关，碳酸盐态Cr与小麦Cr显著负相关。土壤与小麦重金属之间的差异说明评判农田土壤重金属污染的危害需要结合作物效应进行关联分析和进一步的风险评估，并综合考虑区域土壤、植物、大气、灌水等因素的影响。Abstract: this paper studied the farmland soil and wheat in Xiaoqinling gold mine. Based on the National Standard for Soil Environmental Quality, food safety standards and neighbor-controlling values, the authors used the single-factor-pollution-index method and the Nemero comprehensive-index method to evaluate the acumulative pollution of heavy metals in soil and wheat. By using MapGIS6.7 and the geostatistical methods the spatial distribution and pollution of heavy metals in soil and wheat were investigated. The results show that it is the development of gold deposits that caused the accumulation and pollution of Hg, Pb, Cd and Cu in soil(the cumulative multiple,18.97、8.67、4.50、4.03; the pollution multiple, 4.48、3.50、3.46、3.13). whereas Cr, As and Zn are not obviously accumulated, and not characteristic of pollution elements of the study area. The accumulation of Hg, Pb and Cd in wheat have been obviously affected by human activities, with Pb on the pollution level (the multiple over standard, 2.01). Various forms and total amounts of Cu and Zn in soil were significantly correlated with the content in wheat. The partial morphology and total amount of Hg and As in soil were significantly correlated with the content in wheat. The carbonate Cr was negatively correlated with Cr in wheat. The difference of heavy metals in soil and wheat shows that the judgement of the hazards of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil needs combine the crop effects for correlation analysis and risk assessment. Other factors such as soil, plants, atmosphere and irrigation need to be taken into consideration.
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Key words:
- soil /
- wheat /
- heavy metals /
- acumulative pollution /
- Xiaoqinling gold mine
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