Multi-dynamic and multi-phase evolution of high-position avalanche hazards on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
-
摘要: 青藏高原东缘是全球重要的活动构造区，高原峡谷区斜坡陡峻，高位崩滑灾害多发。采用遥感解译、地面调查、钻孔勘探及测年分析等方法，研究了西藏洛隆察达沟和易贡扎木弄沟两处高位崩滑堆积体的多动力多期次演化特征。研究结果表明：(1)沿陡峻沟道发生的高位崩滑灾害多为复合成因，兼具内动力和外动力作用交替促发特征；(2)洛隆察达沟晚更新世以来的堆积物形成序列可分为4期，分别经历了以冰川作用为主的冰碛物堆积、古地震引发的高位崩滑-碎屑流堆积、气候变暖背景下的冰-岩崩滑堆积及近代重力崩滑堆积；(3)易贡扎木弄沟在过去5500年中，先后发生了8次以上较大规模崩滑堆积，测年结果显示了巨型崩滑事件存在百年数量级的复发周期，由于不同期次巨型崩滑体的成因不同，复发周期可能存在长、中、短的差异；(4)近年来受全球气候变化影响，冰-岩崩滑灾害频现，可能成为高原峡谷区高位远程地质灾害研究的焦点。本文关于高位崩滑灾害多期次演化过程的认识对于高原峡谷区重大地质灾害防灾减灾具有一定启示意义。Abstract: The eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an important active tectonic zone in the world, with steep slopes and frequent high-position avalanche hazards in the plateau canyon area. Combined with remote sensing interpretation, field investigation, borehole exploration and dating analysis, the multi-phase evolution characteristics of two high-position avalanches are studied in Luolong county and Yigong county, Tibet, China. The research results show that: (1) Most of the high-position avalanche hazards occurring along steep gullies are caused by complex factors, with the characteristics of alternating internal and external dynamic action; (2) The formation sequence of the deposits since the Late Pleistocene in the Chada gully, Luolong county, can be divided into four phases, which have respectively experienced the accumulation of moraines dominated by glaciation, the accumulation of high-position avalanche-debris flow triggered by paleo-earthquake, and the accumulation of ice-rock avalanche in the context of climate warming and the accumulation of recent gravity avalanche; (3) In the past 5,500 years, the Zhamu gulley in Yigong county has experienced more than 8 times large-scale avalanches. The dating results show that the giant avalanche event has a recurrence cycle on the order of hundreds years. Due to the different causes of giant avalanches in different stages, the recurrence cycle may be long, medium, or short; (4) In recent years, affected by global climate change, ice-rock avalanche hazards have occurred frequently, which may become the focus of research on high-position and long run-out geological hazards in plateau and canyon areas. The understanding of the multi-phase evolution process of high-position avalanche hazards in this paper has certain enlightenments for the prevention and mitigation of major geological hazards in the plateau canyon areas.
-
Key words:
- high-position geohazard /
- paleo-earthquake /
- glaciation /
- recurrence period /
- ice-rock avalanche
-
-
CarlàT,Intrieri E,Raspini F,et al.,2019.Perspectives on the prediction of catastrophic slope failures from satellite InSAR[J].Scientific Reports,9(1):1-9.
Guo C B,Montgomery D R,Zhang Y S,et al.,2020.Evidence for repeated failure of the giant Yigong landslide on the edge of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Scientific Reports,10(1):1-7.
Intrieri E,Raspini F,Fumagalli A,2018.The Maoxian landslide as seen from space:detecting precursors of failure with Sentinel-1 data[J].Landslides,15:123-133.
Shugar D H,Jacquemart M,Shean D,et al.,2021.A massive rock and ice avalanche caused the 2021 disaster at Chamoli,Indian Himalaya[J].Science,doi:10.1126/science.abh4455.
Xu Q,Shang Y J,Asch T V,et al.,2012.Observations from the large,rapid Yigong rock slide—Debris avalanche,southeast Tibet[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,49:589-606.
Yin Y P,Xing A G,2012.Aerodynamic modeling of the Yigong gigantic rock slide-debris avalanche,Tibet,China[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,71(1):149-160.
Yin Y P,Wang W P,Zhang N,et al.,2017.The June 2017 Maoxian landslide:Geological disaster in an earthquake area after the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake[J].Science Cina Technological Sciences,60(11):1762-1766.
Yin Z Q,Qin X G,Yin Y P,et al.,2014.Landslide Developmental Characteristics and Response to Climate Change since the Last Glacial in the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River,NE Tibetan Plateau[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,88(2):635-646.
崔鹏,苏凤环,邹强,等,2015.青藏高原山地灾害和气象灾害风险评估与减灾对策[J].科学通报,60(32):3067-3077.
贺书恒,胡卸文,刘波,等,2021.川藏铁路洛隆车站察达大型堆积体成因分析[J].工程地质学报,29(2):353-364.
刘伟,2002.西藏易贡巨型超高速远程滑坡地质灾害链特征研析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,13(3):11-20.
吕杰堂,王治华,周成虎,2003.西藏易贡大滑坡成因探讨[J].地球科学,47(1):107-110.
潘桂棠,任飞,尹福光,等,2020.洋板块地质与川藏铁路工程地质关键区带[J].地球科学,45(7):2293-2304.
许强,郑光,李为乐,等,2018.2018年10月和11月金沙江白格两次滑坡-堰塞堵江事件分析研究[J].工程地质学报,26(6):129-146.
殷跃平,2000.西藏波密易贡高速巨型滑坡特征及减灾研究[J].水文地质工程地质,27(4):8-11.
殷跃平,李滨,张田田,等,2021.印度查莫利“2·7”冰岩山崩堵江溃决洪水灾害链研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,32(3):1-8.
张永双,郭长宝,姚鑫,等,2016.青藏高原东缘活动断裂地质灾害效应研究[J].地球学报,37(3):277-286.
张永双,杜国梁,郭长宝,等,2021.川藏交通廊道典型高位滑坡地质力学模式[J].地质学报,95(3):605-617.
-
计量
- 文章访问数: 1123
- PDF下载数: 111
- 施引文献: 0
下载: