Investigation and evaluation of shallow geothermal energy resources in key areas of Chengdu
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摘要:
在“双碳”目标背景下，浅层地热能作为节能环保能源，其勘探开发及利用力度亟须加强。基于现场热响应测试、抽水及回灌试验以及岩土体热物性测试，获取水文地质和热物性参数，采用层次分析法开展成都市浅层地热能适宜性评价，估算浅层地热能热容量、换热功率、资源潜力及环境效益。实测成都市研究区200 m以浅平均地层温度在18.59~19.76℃，地层平均导热率介于1.89~3.12 W/m·℃。成都市浅层地热能适宜采用地下水和地埋管地源热泵方式开发，地下水地源热泵方式适宜区面积占16.36%，较适宜区面积占19.72%，不适宜面积占63.92%；除原芒硝矿采空区域外，研究区均适宜及较适宜地埋管地源热泵方式开发。浅层地热能夏季制冷换热功率总量为1.19×107 kW，可制冷面积达1.98×108 m2；冬季供暖换热功率总量为1.48×107 kW，可供暖面积达1.57×108 m2。据估算，成都市开发浅层地热能每年可节省标准煤169万吨，减排各类废气污染约425万吨，节能减排效果显著。
Abstract:In order to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, shallow geothermal energy as an energy-saving and environmental-friendly energy, its exploration and utilization should be strengthened urgently. Based on the field thermal response test and the pumping and recharging tests, hydrogeological and thermal physical parameters were obtained, and the suitability evaluation of shallow geothermal energy in Chengdu was carried out by using the analytic hierarchy process. The estimated evaluation of shallow geothermal energy heat capacity, heat exchange power and resource potential were obtained. The measured average formation temperature above 200 m in the study area of Chengdu is 18.59-19.76℃, and the average thermal conductivity of the formation is between 1.89-3.12 W/m·℃. The shallow geothermal energy in Chengdu is suitable for the development of groundwater and ground source heat pump system. The area of suitable area accounts for 16.36%, the relatively suitable area accounts for 19.72%, and the unsuitable area accounts for 63.92. Except for the abandoned Mangniu Mine area, all areas are suitable and relatively suitable for the development of ground source heat pump system. The total cooling power of shallow geothermal energy in summer is 1.19×107 kW, and the cooling area is 1.98×108 m2. The total heating power in winter is 1.48×107 kW, and the heating area is 1.57×108 m2. It is estimated that the development of shallow geothermal energy in Chengdu can save 1.69 million tons of standard coal per year, and reduce the emission of various types of waste gas pollution by about 4.25 million tons. The effect of energy saving and emission reduction is remarkable.
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Key words:
- Shallow geothermal energy /
- field test /
- fuitability zoning /
- fesource evaluation /
- Chengdu
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表 1 研究区第四系地层平面分布情况表
Table 1. The plane distribution of Quaternary strata in the study area
地层时代及代号 面积（km2） 研究区比例（%） 分布位置 第四系全新统冲积层（Q4al） 121.35 10.2 江安河以及府河沿河两侧 全新统冲洪积层（Q4al-pl） 42.16 3.6 鹿溪河、西江河及其支流沿河两侧 上更新统冰水-流水堆积层（Q3fgl-al） 522.18 44.0 平原区河间地块 上更新统成都粘土（Q3eol） 317.33 26.8 成都东部台地之上 中、下更新统冰水-流水堆积层（Q1+2fgl-al） 38.32 3.2 南部台地及东部台地丘顶 基岩残坡积层 144.67 12.2 苏码头背斜附近大面铺、新兴镇一带 
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表 2 现场热响应试验岩土热物性参数表
Table 2. Geothermal physical parameters of field thermal response test
序号 试验编号 地质特征 平均原始地温（℃） 导热系数（W/m·℃） 1 ZK16 西部成都平原第四系砂卵石地层 18.95 1.89 2 ZK18 19.62 2.27 3 ZK19 18.59 2.01 4 ZK20 19.5 2.7 5 ZK21 20.2 2.15 6 ZK22 19.9 2.95 7 X8 18.86 2.14 8 X9 18.94 3.41 9 X111 18.9 2.13 10 ZK01 东部台地区，上部10~20 m粘土地区，
下部为红层砂泥岩地层19.26 2.27 11 ZK02 18.65 2.53 12 ZK03 19.58 2.34 13 ZK15 19.18 2.04 14 ZK17 19.15 2.75 15 ZK23 18.7 2.72 16 ZK24 19.22 2.72 17 ZK25 19.15 2.76 18 ZK26 19.35 3.06 19 X1 18.47 2.45 20 X7 18.82 3.52 21 X112 18.79 2.62 22 ZK10 简州新城丘陵区以砂泥岩互层为主地层 19.73 2.23 23 ZK11 20.12 1.49 24 ZK12 19.76 1.88 25 ZK13 19.68 1.3 26 ZK14 19.45 1.56 27 ZK04 淮州新城丘陵区以厚层砂岩为主地层 18.8 3.35 28 ZK05 18.71 2.71 29 ZK06 18.82 2.37 30 ZK07 19.25 3.14 31 ZK08 19.69 2.44 32 ZK09 19.71 3.3
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表 3 抽水及回灌试验统计表
Table 3. Statistical table of pumping and recharge test
回灌试验编号 含水层厚度（m） 平均影响半径（m） 单位涌水量（L/s·m） 回灌量（L/s·m） 灌采比 H41 12.5 89.00 2.388 1.978 0.829 H42 12.5 99.68 2.360 2.000 0.847 H33 28 84.18 3.883 3.544 0.913 H34 28 87.68 4.067 3.752 0.923 H46 8.5 78.09 1.609 1.217 0.757 H37 14.1 109.49 2.643 2.093 0.792 H38 15.2 139.04 2.577 2.545 0.988 H05 19.97 149.45 2.158 1.004 0.465 H32 24.5 88.74 3.814 2.705 0.709 H31 24.5 83.82 3.444 2.537 0.737 H30 25.1 132.90 3.187 2.833 0.889 H09 28.06 235.83 5.720 5.362 0.937 H03 17.7 175.40 2.494 2.375 0.952 H08 28.06 237.24 6.525 6.244 0.957 H27 24.5 131.80 3.274 3.162 0.966 H28 24 134.90 3.169 3.105 0.980 H29 25.1 136.30 3.230 3.184 0.986 H02 18 122.60 2.530 2.509 0.992 H44 11.8 91.16 2.268 0.745 0.328 H43 11.4 99.93 1.976 0.696 0.352 H47 15 70.43 2.197 0.839 0.382 H48 15 76.10 2.217 0.848 0.383 H45 9.8 97.88 1.843 0.776 0.421
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表 4 岩土体热物性参数平均值表
Table 4. Average value of physical properties and thermophysical parameters of rock mass
地层时代 岩性 热物性参数 热导率（W/m·℃） 热扩散系数（m2/s） 比热容（J/kg·℃） 第四系 粘土 0.98 0.30×10−6 1724.40 粉质粘土 1.07 0.85×10−6 410.20 粉土 1.19 0.83×10−6 724.37 细砂 0.69 0.66×10−6 448.52 砂砾卵石 1.23 0.79×10−6 231.59 基岩 泥岩 1.79 0.71×10−6 1068.71 粉砂质泥岩 1.35 0.64×10−6 878.88 含钙芒硝粉砂质泥岩 1.53 0.67×10−6 839.57 砂质泥岩 1.13 0.50×10−6 827.26 砂岩 1.56 0.67×10−6 802.85 细砂岩 1.60 0.92×10−6 758.99 泥质砂岩 1.33 0.54×10−6 939.38 泥质粉砂岩 1.25 0.57×10−6 823.88
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表 5 各因素综合权重表
Table 5. Comprehensive weight table of each factor
地下水地源热泵系统 地埋管地源热泵系统 因素 综合权重 因素 综合权重 含水层厚度 0.0599 卵石层厚度 0.1735 含水层出水能力 0.2764 地下水位埋深 0.0546 含水层回灌能力 0.2887 地下水水质 0.0688 地下水位埋深 0.0795 导热系数 0.2158 含水层渗透系数 0.1590 岩土体比热容 0.2158 地下水水质 0.0683 初始地温 0.1079 地下水硬度 0.0682 埋管深度 0.0545 钻进条件 0.1089
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表 6 成都市浅层地热能热容量计算结果汇总表
Table 6. Summary of calculation results of shallow geothermal energy heat capacity in Chengdu
评价区域 包气带热容量（kJ/℃） 饱水带热容量（kJ/℃） 总热量（kJ/℃） 地下水地源热泵适宜区和较适宜区 1.06×1013 6.54×1014 6.65×1014 地埋管地源热泵适宜区和较适宜区 1.04×1013 6.33×1014 6.43×1014
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表 7 成都市浅层地温能资源利用节能减排量分析表
Table 7. Analysis of energy conservation and emission reduction of shallow geothermal energy resource utilization in Chengdu
项目 CO2 SO2 NOx 粉尘 灰渣 系数 2.386 1.7% 0.6% 0.8% 0.1% 总量/（kg/a） 1.69×109 4.03×109 2.87×107 1.01×107 1.35×107
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