The discovery and geological significance of the Mantoushan ion-adsorption type heavy rare earth deposit in Dechang, western Sichuan
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摘要:
冕宁—德昌稀土成矿带是我国重要硬岩型稀土资源基地，已发现的稀土资源均与喜马拉雅期形成的碳酸岩-碱性杂岩体有关，作者在该地区开展地质调查时在德昌馒头山新发现了与二叠纪晚期钾长花岗岩相关的离子吸附型稀土矿床，因此，本文通过对德昌馒头山地区开展矿产地质调查，经3个浅钻验证，该地区风化壳厚度最深可达17 m，并根据风化程度将风化壳由地表至基岩，依次划分为腐殖土层、黏土层、全风化层和半风化层，风化壳全相稀土氧化物品位（TREO）变化范围为0.07%~0.19%，平均为0.12%，高于工业品位的0.05%；离子相稀土氧化物（SREO）品位变化范围为0.02%~0.056%，平均为0.03%，高于边界品位的0.02%；重稀土配分范围为50%~72%，平均为62%。稀土品位变化在风化壳剖面呈现出“上低—下高”和“上高—下低”两种类型，全风化层和黏土层是主要赋矿层位。这是首次在冕宁—德昌稀土成矿带发现离子吸附型重稀土矿，具有重大经济价值和科学意义。
Abstract:The Mianning-Dechang rare earth metallogenic belt is one of the most important rare earth resource areas in China. All discovered rare earth deposits are related to the carbonatite-alkaline complex that formed during the Himalayan period. It is controversial whether ion adsorption rare earth deposits exist along this metallogenic belt. In this paper, we conducted a detailed survey of Mantoushan potash feldspar granite in Dechang and verified through three shallow drill coress that the thickness of the weathering crust in this area reached 17 meters. According to the degree of weathering, the weathering crust is divided into humus, clay, full regolith, and semi-regolith. The total phase rare earth oxide (TREO) grade of the regolith crust varies between 0.07% and 0.19%, with an average of 0.12%, which is higher than the industrial grade of 0.05%. Additionally, the grades of separated quantities of rare earth oxides (SREO) range between 0.02% and 0.056%, with an average of 0.03%, which is higher than the cutoff grade of 0.02%. The partition range of heavy rare earth is between 50% and 72%, averaging at 62%. The variation of rare earth grade within the weathering crust profile exhibits two patterns: "upper low-lower high" and "upper high-lower low". The full regolith and clay layers are identified as the primary ore-bearing layers for both patterns. The Mantoushan deposit is the first ion adsorption heavy rare earth ore deposit found in the Mianning-Dechang rare earth metallogenic belt, which has great economic value and scientific significance.
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Key words:
- K-feldspar granite /
- weathered crust /
- HREE ion-adsorption deposit /
- western Sichuan
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图 1 我国主要稀土成矿带和矿床空间分布图（a）（据王登红等，2013a；Xie et al., 2019；谢玉玲等，2020；周美夫等，2020修改）；冕宁—德昌稀土成矿带典型矿床分布图（b）（据王登红等，2019b修改）；研究区地质简图（c）
Figure 1.
图 4 馒头山花岗岩风化壳钻孔1（a）、钻孔2（b）、钻孔3（c）全相稀土氧化物总量（%）、离子相稀土氧化物总量（%）、全相稀土单元素（×10−6）、全相重稀土氧化物和全相轻稀土氧化物配分比（%）变化曲线
Figure 4.
图 5 风化壳样品球粒陨石标准化REE模式图（球粒陨石数据引自Sun and McDonough, 1989）
Figure 5.
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