Evolution of the Ordovician sedimentary system and paleogeographic reconstruction in the Sichuan Basin, China
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摘要:
我国塔里木、鄂尔多斯盆地的奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩中发现了多个大型油气田，但四川盆地奥陶系油气发现方面至今未取得实质性突破。此前的勘探着重于岩溶储层和裂缝型储层，只有少量井获得天然气流发现，四川盆地奥陶系是否发育更具规模勘探潜力的滩相储层是当前亟需回答的问题。由于奥陶系岩性变化快，关于其沉积体系，仍存在争议，这一定程度上限制了对潜在储集相带的认识。本文根据测井、地震及露头剖面资料，分析了四川盆地奥陶系沉积相特征，重建了各沉积期的岩相古地理格局。结果表明：桐梓组—红花园组沉积期，四川盆地所在的扬子板块受泛非运动影响，上扬子构造较为稳定，发育以碳酸盐岩台地为主的沉积相，沉积模式为陆表海浅水台地，滩相白云岩围绕乐山-龙女寺古隆起的周缘分布；湄潭组沉积期，由于全球海平面上升，构造环境转变为加里东运动主控的强挤压背景，隆-坳格局加剧，沉积环境主要为混积陆棚；十字铺—宝塔—临湘组沉积期，重新发育以灰岩为主的碳酸盐岩，为陆表海碳酸盐岩缓坡环境；五峰组沉积期，加里东运动导致在川东南形成局限的深水海湾环境，沉积了一套富有机质页岩。总体上，四川盆地奥陶纪沉积演化经历了由陆表海浅水台地到混积陆棚、再演变为陆表海缓坡、最后演变为滞留深水陆棚的过程。
Abstract:With many large oil and gas fields having been discovered in the Ordovician marine carbonate rocks in the Tarim and Ordos basins, however, no substantial breakthrough has been made in the oil and gas discoveries in the Ordovician of the Sichuan Basin. Previous exploration focused on karst and fractured reservoirs, and only a few wells were found to have natural flow. Whether there is grater potential of large-scale exploration potential beach reservoirs in the Ordovician of the Sichuan Basin is an urgent question to be answered. Due to the rapid change of lithology, the sedimentary system of the Ordovician is still controversial, which limits the understanding of potential reservoir facies belts to some extent. Based on logging, seismic, and outcrop profile data, the characteristics of Ordovician sedimentary facies in the Sichuan Basin are analyzed, and the lithofacies paleogeographic pattern of each sedimentary period is reconstructed. The results show that during the sedimentary period of the Tongzi–Honghuayuan formations, the Yangtze plate, where the Sichuan Basin is located, was influenced by the Pan-African movement, and the upper Yangtze structure was relatively stable. The dominant sedimentary facies was a carbonate platform, and the sedimentary model was an epigenetic shallow platform. Beach facies dolomite distributed around the periphery of the Leshan-Longnüsi palaeouplift. During the sedimentary period of the Meitan Formation, due to the rise in global sea level, the tectonic environment changed into a strong compressive background dominated by the Caledonian movement, the uplift and depression pattern was intensified, and the sedimentary environment was mainly mixed shelf. In the sedimentary period of the Shizipu–Baota–Linxiang formations, carbonate deposits dominated by limestone redeveloped, representing an epigenetic carbonate gentle slope environment. During the sedimentary period of the Wufeng Formation, the Caledonian movement led to the formation of a limited deep-water bay environment in the southeast Sichuan Basin, where a set of organic-rich shales were deposited. In general, the Ordovician sedimentary evolution in the Sichuan Basin has undergone a process from epicontinental shallow platform to mixed shelf, then to epicontinental gentle slope, and finally to lingering deep shelf.
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Key words:
- paleogeography /
- Paleo-uplift /
- Ordovician /
- sedimentary evolution /
- epeiric carbonate platform
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