Composition and tectonic significance of Jitang metamorphic core complex in eastern Xizang
-
摘要:
吉塘变质核杂岩是研究北澜沧江缝合带构造演化过程的重要窗口。本文通过对吉塘变质核杂岩进行构造岩性填图、构造解析及锆石U-Pb测年，将变质核杂岩自上而下解析为沉积盖层、韧性流变层及核部变质杂岩的“三元结构”，核部变质杂岩与韧性流变层之间以韧性拆离带相连，拆离带具有上盘向南东方向剪切的运动学特征。吉塘变质核杂岩中同剪切花岗质糜棱岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(33.0±1.2) Ma～(28.4±0.6) Ma，剪切后脉体的锆石U-Pb年龄为(18.35±1.2) Ma。综合以上研究结果，推测吉塘变质核杂岩新生代的隆升过程为：强烈的走滑断层活动形成了拉分盆地，其伸展环境使地壳减薄，大量岩浆上涌，最终导致了吉塘变质核杂岩于渐新世—中新世的隆升。吉塘变质核杂岩为渐新世—中新世大型走滑断层作用导致的区域性造山后伸展及大规模南东向逃逸构造事件的产物。
Abstract:The Jitang metamorphic core complex is a key window for studying the tectonic evolution of the northern Lancangjiang zone. In this paper, through the study of structural lithology mapping, structural analysis, and zircon U-Pb dating, the Jitang metamorphic core complex is dissected from top to bottom into the upper unit (low-grade metamorphic or unmetamorphic sedimentary sequence), the middle unit (schists and phyllites) , and the lower unit (gneiss core). The lower unit (gneiss core) and the middle unit are connected by a ductile detachment shear zone, with the shear sense of the ductile shear zones indicating southeastern shearing of the upper plate. The zircon U-Pb age of syn-tectonic granitic mylonite in the Jitang metamorphic core complex ranges from (33.0±1.2) Ma to (28.4±0.6) Ma, and that of the post-tectonic vein is (18.35±1.2) Ma. It is speculated that the Cenozoic uplift process of the Jitang metamorphic core complex is as follows: strong strike-slip fault activity leads to the formation of a pull-apart basin, whose extensional environment leads to crustal thinning and a large amount of magma upwelling. Finally, this process resulted in the uplift of the Jitang metamorphic core complex during the Oligocene-Miocene. It is concluded that the Jitang metamorphic core complex is the product of a regional post-orogenic extension and a large-scale south-east trending escape tectonic event caused by the Oligocene-Miocene large-scale strike-slip faulting.
-
-
图 1 区域大地构造简图（a）与青藏高原—三江地区构造单元图解（b）（修改自陈奇等，2019；Zhu et al., 2013）
Figure 1.
-
[1] 艾长兴,陈炳蔚,1986. 对西藏东部嘉玉桥群及吉塘群地质时代问题的讨论[J]. 西藏地质,(1):13 − 17.
Ai C X,Chen B W,1986. Discussion on the geological age of Jiayuqiao Group and Jitang Group in eastern Tibet[J]. Tibet Geology,(1):13 − 17 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[2] Andersen T,2002. Correction of common lead in U–Pb analyses that do not report 204Pb[J]. Chemical Geology,192(1-2):59 − 79. doi: 10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00195-X
[3] 白涛,樊炳良,肖霞,等,2019. 西藏玉龙斑岩铜矿带北段夏日多矿区始新世岩浆活动与成矿作用——来自锆石U–Pb年龄、地球化学的证据[J]. 地质通报,38(2/3):308 − 327.
Bai T,Fan B L,Xiao X,et al.,2019. The Eocene magmatism and mineralization of Xiariduo rocks in the northern Yulong porphyry copper belt,Tibet:Evidence from zircon U–Pb geochronology and geochemistry[J]. Geoglogical Bulletin of China,38(2/3):308 − 327 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[4] 陈奇,王长明,杜斌,等,2019. 藏东吉塘变质杂岩体锆石U–Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义[J]. 岩石学报,35(5):1423 − 1446. doi: 10.18654/1000-0569/2019.05.07
Chen Q,Wang C M,Du B,et al.,2019. Zircon LA–ICP–MS U–Pb dating and geochemistry of the Jitang metamorphic complex in eastern Tibet and their geological implications[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,35(5):1423 − 1446 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.18654/1000-0569/2019.05.07
[5] 董彦龙,2013. 滇西高黎贡变质杂岩—岩石组成与构造演化[D]. 北京:中国地质科学院.
Dong Y L,2013. Gaoligong metamorphic complex:Rock formation and tectonic evolution,western Yunnan[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (in Chinese with English abstract).
[6] Gilley L D,Harrison T M,Leloup P H,et al.,2003. Direct dating of left–lateral deformation along the Red River shear zone,China and Vietnam[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,108(B2):2127.
[7] 韩明明. 怒江断裂带邦达段晚第四纪活动性研究[D]. 北京:中国地震局地质研究所,2022.
Han M M. Late Quaternary activity of the Bangda segment along the Nujiang Fault Zone[D]. Beijing:Institute of Seismology, China Earthquake Administration (in Chinese with English abstract).
[8] Hoke G D,Liu Z J,Hren M T,et al.,2014. Stable isotopes reveal high southeast Tibetan Plateau margin since the Paleogene[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,394:270 − 278.
[9] Hoskin P,Schaltegger U,2003. The composition of zircon and igneous and metamorphic petrogenesis[J]. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 53(1):27 − 62.
[10] Hu P Y,Li C,Li J,et al.,2014. Zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopes and whole–rock geochemistry of gneissic granites from the Jitang complex in Leiwuqi area,eastern Tibet,China:Record of the closure of the Paleo–Tethys Ocean[J]. Tectonophysics,623:83 − 99. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2014.03.018
[11] Hu Z C,Liu Y S,Gao S,et al.,2012. Improved in situ Hf isotope ratio analysis of zircon using newly designed X skimmer cone and jet sample cone in combination with the addition of nitrogen by laser ablation multiple collector ICP–MS[J]. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry,27(9):1391 − 1399. doi: 10.1039/c2ja30078h
[12] Jackson S E,Pearson N J,Griffin W L,et al.,2004. The application of laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry to in situ U–Pb zircon geochronology[J]. Chemical Geology,211(1-2):47 − 69. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.017
[13] 季建清,钟大赉,张连生,2000. 滇西南新生代走滑断裂运动学、年代学、及对青藏高原东南部块体运动的意义[J]. 地质科学,(3):336 − 349. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0563-5020.2000.03.009
Ji J Q,Zhong D L,Zhang L S,2000. Kinematics and dating of Cenozoic strike–slip faults in the Tengchong area,west Yunnan:Implications for the block movement in the southeastern Tibet Plateau[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology (Scientia Geologica Sinica),(3):336 − 349 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0563-5020.2000.03.009
[14] Leloup P H,Arnaud N,Lacassin R,et al.,. 2001. New constraints on the structure,thermochronology,and timing of the Ailao Shan‐Red River shear zone,SE Asia[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth, ,106(B4):6683 − 6732.
[15] Leloup P H,Lacassin R,Tapponnier P,et al.,1995. The Ailao Shan–Red River shear zone (Yunnan,China),Tertiary transform boundary of Indochina[J]. Tectonophysics,251(1-4):3 − 84. doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(95)00070-4
[16] 李才,1987. 龙木错–双湖–澜沧江板块缝合带与石炭二叠纪冈瓦纳北界[J]. 长春地质学院学报,17(2):155 − 166.
Li C,1987. The Longmucuo–Shuanghu–Lancangjiang plate suture and the north boundary of distribution of Gondwana facies Permo–Carboniferous system in northern Xizang,China[J]. Journal of Changchun College of Geology,17(2):155 − 166 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[17] 李才,2008. 青藏高原龙木错–双湖–澜沧江板块缝合带研究二十年[J]. 地质论评,54(1):105 − 119. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.2008.01.012
Li C,2008. A review on 20 years' study of the Longmu Co–Shuanghu–Lancang River suture zone in Qinghai–Xizang (Tibet) Plateau[J]. Geological Review,54(1):105 − 119 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.2008.01.012
[18] 李才,谢尧武,董永胜,等,2009. 藏东类乌齐一带吉塘岩群时代讨论及初步认识[J]. 地质通报,28(9):1178 − 1180. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2009.09.002
Li C,Xie Y W,Dong Y S,et al.,2009. Discussion on the age of Jitang Group around Leiwuqi area,eastern Tibet,China and primary understanding[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,28(9):1178 − 1180 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2009.09.002
[19] Li L,Garzione C N,Pullen A,et al.,2018. Late Cretaceous–Cenozoic basin evolution and topographic growth of the HohXil Basin,central Tibetan plateau[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin,130(3-4):499 − 521.
[20] Li S Y,Currie B S,Rowley D B,et al.,2015. Cenozoic paleoaltimetry of the SE margin of the Tibetan plateau:Constraints on the tectonic evolution of the region[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,432:415 − 424. doi: 10.1016/j.jpgl.2015.09.044
[21] 林彬,王立强,唐菊兴,等,2017. 西藏玉龙铜矿带包买矿床含矿斑岩锆石U–Pb年代学[J]. 地球科学,42(9):1454 − 1471.
Lin B,Wang L Q,Tang J X,et al.,2017. Zircon U–Pb geochronology of ore–bearing porphyries in Baomai deposit,Yulong copper belt,Tibet[J]. Earth Science,42(9):1454 − 1471 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[22] 刘德民,2003. 中国变质核杂岩的基本特征[J]. 现代地质,(2):125 − 130. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2003.02.002
Liu D M,2003. Review of the basic characteristics of the metamorphic core complexs in China[J]. Geoscience,(2):125 − 130 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2003.02.002
[23] 刘俊,李文昌,周清,等,2022. 藏东类乌齐-左贡成矿带构造演化与成矿作用[J]. 沉积与特提斯地质, 42(1):88 − 104.
Liu J, Li W C, Zhou Q et al.,2022. Tectonic evolution and mineralization of the Leiwuqi Zogang metallogenic belt[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 42(1):88 − 104 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[24] Liu J L,Chen X Y,Wu W B,et al.,2015. New tectono–geochronological constraints on timing of shearing along the Ailao Shan–Red River shear zone:Implications for genesis of Ailao Shan gold mineralization[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,103:70 − 86.
[25] Liu J L,Tang Y,Xia H R,et al.,2010. High temperature strain structures and quartz c–axis fabrics from mylonitic rocks in the Ailaoshan–Red River shear zone,Yunnan and their tectonic implication[J]. Geologica Sinica (English Edition),84(6):1377 − 1390. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00335.x
[26] 刘俊来,宋志杰,曹淑云,等,2006. 印度–欧亚侧向碰撞带构造–岩浆演化的动力学背景与过程––以藏东三江地区构造演化为例[J]. 岩石学报, 22(4):775 − 786.
Liu J L,Song Z J,Cao S Y,et al.,2006. The dynamic setting and processes of tectonic and magmatic evolution of the oblique collision zone between Indian and Eurasian plates:Exemplified by the tectonic evolution of the Three River region,eastern Tibet[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 22(4):775 − 786 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[27] 刘俊来,唐渊,宋志杰,等,2010. 滇西哀牢山构造带:结构与演化[J]. 吉林大学学报:地球科学版, 84(6):1377 − 1390.
Liu J L,Tang Y,Song Z J,et al.,2010. The Ailaoshan Belt in west Yunnan: Tectonic framework and tectonic evolution[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 84(6):1377 − 1390 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[28] 刘俊来,王安建,曹淑云,等,2008. 滇西点苍山杂岩中混合岩的地质年代学分析及其区域构造内涵[J]. 岩石学报,24(3):413 − 420.
Liu J L,Wang A J,Cao S Y,et al.,2008. Geochronology and tectonic implication of migmatites from Diancangshan,western Yunnan,China[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(3):413 − 420 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[29] Ludwig K R,2003. User's manual for Isoplot 3.0:A geo‐chronological toolkit for Microsoft Excel [J]. Berkeley Geo‐chronology Center Special Publication,Berkeley.
[30] Metcalfe I,2002. Permian tectonic framework and palaeogeography of SE Asia[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,20(6):551 − 566. doi: 10.1016/S1367-9120(02)00022-6
[31] Metcalfe I,2013. Gondwana dispersion and Asian accretion:Tectonic and palaeogeographic evolution of eastern Tethys[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,66:1 − 33. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.12.020
[32] Mo X X,Deng J F,Lu F X,1994. Volcanism and the evolution of Tethys in Sanjiang area,southwestern China[J]. Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences,9(4):325 − 333.
[33] Morley C K,2002. A tectonic model for the tertiary evolution of strike–slip faults and rift basins in SE Asia[J]. Tectonophysics,347(4):189 − 215. doi: 10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00061-6
[34] Pan G T,Ding J,Yao D S,et al.,2004. Guidebook of 1∶1500000 geologic map of the Qinghai–Xizang (Tibet) Plateau and adjacent areas [M]. Chengdu: Cartographic Publishing House (in Chinese).
[35] 邱军强,强巴扎西,丁希国,等,2012. 藏东类乌齐地区始新世钾玄质侵入岩特征及构造环境[J]. 合肥工业大学学报:自然科学版,35(4):520 − 525+576.
Qiu J Q,Qiangba Z X,Ding X G,et al.,2012. Characteristics and tectonic environment of Eocene shoshonitic intrusive rocks in Leiwuqi region of eastern Tibet,China[J]. Journal of Hefei University of Technology (Natural Science),35(4):520 − 525+576 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[36] 邱军强,强巴扎西,李虎,等,2011. 澜沧江结合带中二叠世达弄岩片的发现及特征[J]. 地质调查与研究,34(4):258 − 267.
Qiu J Q,Qiangba Z X,Li H,et al.,2011. Discovery and characteristic of the Danong slices in the Langcangjiang suture in the middle Permian period[J]. North China Geology,34(4):258 − 267 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[37] 邱军强, 强巴扎西, 李虎, 等, 2011. 澜沧江结合带中二叠世达弄岩片的发现及特征[J]. 地质调查与研究, 34（4）: 258 − 267.
Ren J J,Xu X W,Lü Y W,et al.,2022. Late Quaternary slip rate of the northern Lancangjiang fault zone in eastern Tibet:Seismic hazards for the Sichuan-Tibet Railway and regional tectonic implications[J]. Engineering Geology,306:106748.
[38] Searle M,2006. Role of the Red River Shear zone,Yunnan and Vietnam,in the continental extrusion of SE Asia[J]. Journal of the Geological Society,163(6):1025 − 1036. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106748
[39] Slama J,Kosler J,Condon D J,et al.,2008. Plesovice zircon–A new natural reference material for U–Pb and Hf isotopic microanalysis[J]. Chemical Geology,249(1-2):1 − 35.
[40] 宋鸿林,1995. 变质核杂岩研究进展、基本特征及成因探讨[J]. 地学前缘,(1):103 − 111. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.11.005
Song H L,1995. An overview of metamorphic core complexes:Characteristics and origin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,(1):103 − 111 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.11.005
[41] 宋鸿林, 1995. 变质核杂岩研究进展、基本特征及成因探讨[J]. 地学前缘, （1）: 103 − 111. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-2321.1995.01.013
Su T,Spicer R A,Li S H,et al.,2018. Uplift,climate and biotic changes at the Eocene–Oligocene transition in southeastern Tibet[J]. National Science Review,6(3):495 − 504. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-2321.1995.01.013
[42] Tang M Y,Liu Z J,Hoke G D,et al.,2017. Paleoelevation reconstruction of the Paleocene–Eocene Gonjo Basin,SE–central Tibet[J]. Tectonophysics, 712–713:170 − 181.
[43] 唐渊,王冬兵,廖世勇,等,2016. 滇西高黎贡变质岩带南段淡色花岗岩脉年代学特征及构造意义[J]. 岩石学报,32(8):2347 − 2366.
Tang Y,Wang D B,Liao S Y,et al.,2016. Geochronological characterization and regional tectonic implication of the leucogranites in the southern segment of Gaoligong metamorphic zone,western Yunnan[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,32(8):2347 − 2366 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[44] 唐渊, 王冬兵, 廖世勇, 等, 2016. 滇西高黎贡变质岩带南段淡色花岗岩脉年代学特征及构造意义[J]. 岩石学报, 32（8）: 2347 − 2366.
Tao Y,Bi X W,Li C S,et al.,2014. Geochronology,petrogenesis and tectonic significance of the Jitang granitic pluton in eastern Tibet,SW China[J]. Lithos, 184–187:314 − 323.
[45] Tapponnier P,Meyer B,Avouac J P,et al.,1990. Active thrusting and folding in the Qilian Shan,and decoupling between upper crust and mantle in northeastern Tibet[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 97(3-4):382 − 383,387 − 403.
[46] Tapponnier P,Peltzer G,Armijo R,1986. On the mechanics of the collision between India and Asia[J]. Geological Society,London,Special Publications,19(1):113 − 157.
[47] Tapponnier P,Peltzer G,Le Dain A Y,et al.,1982. Propagating extrusion tectonics in Asia:New insights from simple experiments with plasticine[J]. Geology,10:611 − 616. doi: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.07
[48] 王保弟,王立全,强巴扎西,等,2011. 早三叠世北澜沧江缝合带碰撞作用:类乌齐花岗质片麻岩年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素证据[J]. 岩石学报,27(9):2752 − 2762.
Wang B D,Wang L Q,Qiangba Z X,et al.,2011. Early Triassic collision of northern Lancangjiang suture:Geochronological,geochemical and Hf isotope evidences from the granitic gneiss in Leiwuqi area,East Tibet[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,27(9):2752 − 2762 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[49] 王保弟, 王立全, 强巴扎西, 等, 2011. 早三叠世北澜沧江缝合带碰撞作用: 类乌齐花岗质片麻岩年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素证据[J]. 岩石学报, 27（9）: 2752 − 2762.
Wang C M,Deng J,Carranza E J M,et al.,2014b. Tin metallogenesis associated with granitoids in the southwestern Sanjiang Tethyan Domain:Nature,deposit types,and tectonic setting[J]. Gondwana Research,26(2):576 − 593.
[50] 王根厚,2006. 藏东他念他翁山链变质杂岩系变形特征及表露机制(博士学位论文)[D]. 北京:中国地质大学(北京). doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2013.05.005
Wang G H,2006. Structural characteristics and emplace mechanism of Tanitawen Mt. Range metamorphic complex in the eastern margin of Tibet Plateau[J]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2013.05.005
[51] 王根厚, 2006. 藏东他念他翁山链变质杂岩系变形特征及表露机制（博士学位论文）[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学（北京）.
Wang J H,Yin A,Harrison T M,et al.,2001. A tectonic model for Cenozoic igneous activities in the eastern Indo–Asian collision zone[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,188(1-2):123 − 133.
[52] Wiedenbeck M,Hanchar J M,Peck W H,et al.,2004. Further characterisation of the 91500 zircon crystal[J]. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research,28(1):9 − 39. doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00315-6
[53] Wu J,Zhang K X,Xu Y D,et al.,2018. Paleoelevations in the Jianchuan Basin of the southeastern Tibetan plateau based on stable isotope and pollen grain analyses[J]. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,510:93 − 108.
[54] Xie J C,Zhu D C,Dong G C,et al.,2016. Linking the Tengchong Terrane in SW Yunnan with the Lhasa Terrane in southern Tibet through magmatic correlation[J]. Gondwana research,39(1):217 − 229. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.03.030
[55] Xiong Z,Ding L,Spicer R A,et al.,2020. The early Eocene rise of the Gonjo Basin,SE Tibet:From low desert to high forest[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,543:116312.
[56] Xu Z Q,Wang Q,Cai Z H,et al.,2015. Kinematics of the TengChong Terrane in SE Tibet from the late Eocene to early Miocene:Insights from coeval mid-crustal detachments and strike-slip shear zones[J]. Tectonophysics,665:127 − 148. doi: 10.1016/j.jpgl.2020.116312
[57] Zhang B,Zhang J J,Zhong D L,et al.,2012. Polystage deformation of the Gaoligong metamorphic zone:Structures,40Ar/39Ar mica ages,and tectonic implications[J]. Journal of Structural Geology,37:1 − 18.
[58] 张海,王保弟,于远山,等,2019. 西藏玉龙斑岩铜矿带南段日曲花岗闪长斑岩成因:锆石U–Pb年代学和地球化学约束[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报,38(2):379 − 394.
Zhang H,Wang B D,Yu Y S,et al.,2019. Petrogenesis of the Riqu granodiorite porphyry in southern Yulong porphyry copper belt: Constraints from zircon U-Pb geochronology and whole-rock geochemistry[J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,38(2):379 − 394 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[59] 张海, 王保弟, 于远山, 等, 2019. 西藏玉龙斑岩铜矿带南段日曲花岗闪长斑岩成因: 锆石U–Pb年代学和地球化学约束[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 38（2）: 379 − 394.
Zhang L S,Schärer U,1999. Age and origin of magmatism along the Cenozoic Red River shear belt,China[J]. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,134(1):67 − 85.
[60] Zhao S W,Lai S C,Qin J F,et al.,2016. Tectono–magmatic evolution of the Gaoligong belt,southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau:Constraints from granitic gneisses and granitoid intrusions[J]. Gondwana Research,35:238 − 256. doi: 10.1007/s004100050469
[61] Zhao Z B,Bons P D,Wang G H,et al.,2014. Origin and pre–Cenozoic evolution of the south Qiangtang basement,central Tibet[J]. Tectonophysics,623:52 − 66. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2015.05.007
[62] Zhao Z,Bons P D,Wang G H,et al.,2015. Tectonic evolution and high pressure rock exhumation in the Qiangtang terrane,central Tibet[J]. Solid Earth,6(2):457 − 473. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2014.03.016
[63] Zhu D C,Zhao Z D,Niu Y L,et al.,2013. The origin and pre–Cenozoic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Gondwana Research,23(4):1429 − 1454. doi: 10.5194/se-6-457-2015
[64] 潘桂棠,丁俊,姚东生,2004. 青藏高原及邻区地质图(1∶1500000) [M]. 成都:成都地图出版社. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2012.02.002
Zhu D C, Zhao Z D, Niu Y L, et al., 2013. The origin and pre–Cenozoic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Gondwana Research, 23（4）: 1429 − 1454. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2012.02.002
-
下载:
图(13)
计量
- 文章访问数: 95
- PDF下载数: 14
- 施引文献: 0