Sedimentary-tectonic significance of the Silurian–Devonian basin filling sequence in the Shaerbuerti Mountain area, western Junggar
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摘要:
新疆西准噶尔北部谢米斯台山—沙尔布尔提山地区是中亚造山带的重要组成部分。志留纪普里道利世—早泥盆世期间，该地区沉积了一套由海相复理石到陆棚碳酸盐岩转变的盆地充填序列，其沉积体系的时空展布、岩相变化以及物源分析可为重建西准噶尔北部古地理格局以及古亚洲洋演化提供证据。本文对沙尔布尔提山地区的芒克鲁Ⅱ剖面进行了详细的岩相分析、砂岩碎屑统计、主、微量元素分析，来探讨沉积盆地的演化过程、构造背景和物源属性。芒克鲁Ⅱ剖面出露乌吐布拉克组与曼格尔组，剖面由底到顶依次出现盆地—斜坡背景层沉积、盆地浊积岩、陆棚边缘的异重流扇、陆棚、浅水颗粒滩的相序列，表现为向上变浅的盆地充填序列。沉积物以砂岩、砾岩和生物碎屑颗粒灰岩为主。砂岩成分以长石、岩屑为主，成分变异指数ICV=1.37，值大于1，指示了碎屑岩成熟度低。砂岩样品富集大离子亲石元素（LILEs），亏损高场强元素（HFSEs），轻稀土与重稀土元素比值（LREEs/HREEs）在2.89～7.41，均值6.15。物源判别及构造判别图解综合显示其物源主要来自长英质火山岩及安山岩的混合源区，物源区以大陆岛弧与大洋岛弧环境为主。研究表明，谢米斯台山–沙尔布尔提山岛弧火山岩可能为盆地充填过程提供了丰富的物源，盆地浊积岩向陆棚异重岩沉积的转变不仅代表了盆地充填的暂时性终止，也有可能代表了沙尔布尔提山地区在这一时期的俯冲碰撞活动基本结束。
Abstract:The Xiemisitai-Shaerbuerti Mountain region, located in West Junggar, Xinjiang, China, represents an important part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). From the Silurian Pridoli epoch to early Devonian, a set of basin filling sequence transitioning from marine flysch to shelf carbonate is deposited in this region. The spatial-temporal distribution of the sedimentary system and analyses of lithofacies and sources can provide evidence for reconstructing the paleogeographic configuration of western Junggar and the evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. This study conducted a detailed analysis of lithofacies, sandstone clasts, as well as major and trace elements in the Mangkelu Ⅱ section of the Shaerbuerti Mountain area to explore the sedimentary basin's evolution, tectonic background, and provenance attributes. The Mangkelu Ⅱ section consists of the Wutubulake Formation at the bottom and the Mangeer Formation at the top. The facies successions from bottom to top includes slope–basin background deposits, basin turbidites, hyperpycnal flow fans at the shelf margin, shelf, and shallow sea grain shoal, representing an upward-shallowing basin-fill sequence. The main sediments are sandstone, conglomerate, and bioclastic limestone. The sandstone is mainly composed of feldspar and lithics, with an index of compositional variability (ICV) of 1.37, which is greater than 1, indicating low maturity. The sandstone samples are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs), with a ratio of light rare earth elements to heavy rare earth elements (LREEs/HREEs) ranging from 2.89 to 7.41, averaging 6.15. The provenance and tectonic discrimination diagrams show a mixed source of intermediate-felsic volcanic rocks and andesites, derived mainly from continental and oceanic island arcs. Volcanic rocks from the Xiemisitai-Shaerbuerti Mountain island arc provided abundant material for the basin fill. The transformation of sedimentary facies from turbidites to hyperpycnites in the continental shelf may represent a temporary termination of basin filling and the end of subduction and collision during this period in the Shaerbuerti Mountains.
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Key words:
- western Junggar /
- Silurian Pridoli epoch to early Devonian /
- flysch /
- lithofacies /
- provenance /
- island arc
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图 1 a. 中亚造山带构造格架图（据杨高学等，2023；Jahn et al.，2000）；b. 西准噶尔地区岛弧环境示意图（据Chen et al.，2015）；c. 西准噶尔地质简图（据杨高学等，2023；Ren et al.，2017）；d. 沙尔布尔提山西南侧地层划分图；e. 芒克鲁Ⅱ剖面地层柱状图 （图例参考后文）
Figure 1.
图 7 a. 芒克鲁Ⅱ剖面砂岩微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图（数据来自Sun and McDonough，1989）；b. 稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分型式图（数据来自Taylor and McLennan，1985）
Figure 7.
图 10 砂岩碎屑组分与物源类型判别图解（底图据Dickinson，1979）
Figure 10.
图 13 a. 芒克鲁Ⅱ剖面沉积模式图；b. 不同沉积环境下的岩相类型图；c-d. 准噶尔谢米斯台山–沙尔布尔提山岛弧碰撞构造沉积演化图（据Choulet et al.，2012; 纵瑞文，2016修改）
Figure 13.
表 1 砂岩构造背景的稀土元素判别参数（Bhatia，1985）与本区砂岩的对比
Table 1. Comparison of sandstone discriminant parameters and tectonic settings of REEs (after Bhatia, 1985)
构造背景 源区类型 La/×10－6 Ce/×10－6 ∑REE/×10－6 LREEs/HREEs (La/Yb)N Eu/Eu* 大洋岛弧 未切割岩浆弧 8.00±1.70 19.00±3.70 58.00±10.00 3.80±0.90 2.80±0.90 1.04±0.11 大陆岛弧 切割岩浆弧 27.00±4.54 59.00±8.20 146.00±20.00 7.70±1.70 7.50±2.50 0.79±0.13 活动大陆边缘 隆升基底隆起 37.00 79.00 186.00 9.10 8.50 0.60 被动大陆边缘 克拉通内高地 39.00 85.00 210.00 8.50 10.80 0.56 盆地相（1～6层均值） 13.69 27.64 75.33 5.65 5.67 1.06 斜坡相（7～8层均值） 13.10 26.05 68.85 6.49 6.80 0.94 陆棚异重岩相（9～11层均值） 20.95 40.76 100.13 7.20 6.80 0.96 陆棚及以上（12～19层均值） 18.12 36.52 97.47 5.92 6.01 0.99 
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