Research on exploitation, utilization and environmental quality of groundwater in Zhangjiakou area and suggestions on its utilization and protection
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摘要: 了解地下水资源与地下水环境质量现状，对干旱-半干旱地区地下水可持续利用具有重要意义。通过资料搜集对张家口地区地下水资源开发利用现状进行了较为系统的梳理；采集177组地下水样品进行水化学特征分析，参照《地下水质量标准》(GB/T14848-2017)选取22项指标进行水质评价，揭示该地区地下水环境质量概况。研究表明，地下水多年平均供水量为1.92亿m3，占供水总量的78.69%；近十年以来，地下水资源承担了居民生活和工农业发展的主要供水任务，导致多地区地下水位持续下降。坝上高原地下水质量总体一般，满足III类水质标准的样品占比仅为44.44%，主要超标物质为氟化物、总硬度和TDS；相反，坝下盆地地下水质量总体较好，70.73%的样品符合III类水质标准要求。其中，水文地质条件是影响高氟地下水分布的主要控制因素，而人类活动输入硝酸盐对地下水化学组分的影响不容忽视。本文为张家口地区地下水污染防治、地下水资源保护与优化配置提供了科学依据。Abstract: Understanding resources and environment quality of groundwater is of great significance for sustainable utilization of groundwater in arid or semi-arid regions.In this study, the development and utilization of groundwater resources in Zhangjiakou area were systematically summarized by collecting data.Additionally, 177 groups of groundwater samples were collected for analysis of hydrochemical characteristics, and 22 indicators were selected for water quality evaluation according to the Groundwater Quality Standard(GB/T14848-2017)to reveal the general situation of groundwater environmental quality.The results showed that the average annual amount of water supply by groundwater was 192 million m3, accounting for 78.69% of the total water supply.In the past ten years, groundwater resources have been the main water supply task for people's life and the development of industry or agriculture, leading to the continuous decline of groundwater level in many regions.Only 44.44% of the samples in Bashang Plateau could satisfy the class III water quality standards, and the main substances exceeding the standard are fluoride, total hardness and TDS.On the contrary, the groundwater quality of Baxia basins was generally good, with 70.73% of the samples meeting the Class III water quality standards.Hydrogeological conditions were the main controlling factors affecting the distribution of highfluoride groundwater, and the influence of nitrate input from human activities on the chemical composition of groundwater cannot be ignored.This paper provided a scientific basis for the prevention and control of groundwater pollution, and the protection and optimal allocation of groundwater resources in Zhangjiakou region.
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