High temperature and high pressure experimental study on the reaction of silicon-rich melt with mantle olivine and its implications for the property transformation of the subcontinental lithosphere mantle in the North China Craton
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摘要: 【研究目的】大陆岩石圈地幔内部广泛发育熔体与橄榄岩的反应，以华北克拉通岩石圈较为典型。根据地幔捕虏体的矿物交代特征和相关元素地球化学指标判别，硅酸盐熔体与橄榄岩的反应是华北克拉通岩石圈地幔内熔体—岩石反应的主要类型。然而华北克拉通陆下岩石圈地幔性质转变的实验岩石学证据尚不充足。【研究方法】为了探讨这一反应机制及相关动力学过程，以河南鹤壁方辉橄榄岩中的橄榄石和湖北黄陵三斗坪的英云闪长岩为初始物，在中国科学院地球内部物质高温高压重点实验室的LC250—300/50活塞圆筒压机上开展了高温（1 200～1 400°C）高压（1.0和1.5 GPa）条件下的富硅熔体与地幔橄榄石的反应实验。【研究结果】结果表明，代表古老难熔岩石圈地幔的橄榄石与富硅熔体反应，生成斜方辉石。斜方辉石的En 组分73～93，属于顽火辉石。在1.0 GPa 压力下，温度从1250°C升高至1350°C，有更多的镁橄榄石分子溶解到熔体中，随着斜方辉石的结晶，残余熔体SiO2、Al2O3和K2O分别从66.20%、17.24%、1.40%下降至61.91%、16.02%、1.28%，而MgO 由3.93%升高至8.26%。在1.5 GPa 压力下，温度从1 250 °C 升高至1 400 °C，残余熔体SiO2、Al2O3、K2O 分别从65.79%、17.64%、1.36%下降至61.74%、15.78%、1.23%；而MgO 从3.11%升高至7.07%。【结论】温度变化对反应后熔体化学组成的影响显著超过压力变化。富硅熔体与橄榄石反应生成斜方辉石，能够解释华北克拉通地幔橄榄岩包体的交代现象，斜方辉石脉体是富硅熔体与橄榄石反应的产物，该反应同时导致岩石圈地幔由难熔型向饱满型转变。Abstract: This paper is the result of research on the lithospheric mantle.[Objective]In terms of petrological and geochemical studies on a large number of mantle xenoliths, melt-peridotite reactions always occur in subcontinental lithospheric mantles, especially in the North China Craton (NCC). Based on the mineral metasomatic characteristics of mantle xenoliths and the related element geochemical signatures, the reaction between silicate melt and peridotite is the main type of melt-rock reaction within the NCC lithosphere mantle.However, the direct evidence of experimental petrography about the mechanism is insufficient. [Methods] In this contribution, natural olivine of harzburgite from Hebi, Henan province, and tonalite from Sandouping, Huangling, Hubei province were collected as starting material. The Si-rich melt-olivine reaction experiments were performed at conditions of 1 200~1 400°C, 1.0~1.5 GPa, on LC25-0300/50 piston-cylinder apparatus equipped at Key Laboratory of High-temperature and High-pressure Study of the Earth’s Interior, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, which explored the reaction mechanism and kinetics of the melt-peridotite reaction. [Results] The main crystallized phase under experimental conditions is orthopyroxene, its En content ranges from 73 to 100 discriminated into enstatite.After reactions, the MgO content of reacted melts increased and linearly correlated with the temperature, while the contents of SiO2, Al2O3 and K2O decreased linearly with the increase in temperature.As the temperature increased, more forsterite was dissolved in the melts, and with more orthopyroxene generated, the SiO2, Al2O3 and K2O of melts decreased which changed the composition of the melts. Under the pressure of 1.0GPa, the temperature rises from 1 250°C to 1 350°C, the SiO2, Al2O3, and K2O in the residual melt decrease from 66.20%, 17.24% and 1.40% to 61.91%, 16.02%, and 1.28% respectively, however MgO in the residual melt increases from 3.93%to 8.26%.Under the pressure of 1.5 GPa, the temperature rises from 1 250°C to 1 400°C, the SiO2, Al2O3 and K2O in the residual melt decrease from 65.79%, 17.64% and 1.36% to 61.74%, 15.78%, and 1.23% respectively, however MgO in the residual melt increases from 3.11% to 7.07%. [Conclusions]The pressure has a much less influence on the chemical composition change or residual melts than the temperature. In all reactions between Si-rich melt and olivine, orthopyroxene was newly formed the experimental results also explain the composition of the peridotite in NCC and the phenomenon of the orthopyroxene veins in the peridotite, which can transform the lithosphere mantle from refractory into fertile.
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