CORRELATION AND IMPLICATION OF MARINE STRATA AROUND LIANHUA MOUNTAIN IN NORTHWEST HAINAN ISLAND
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摘要: 根据岩性、产状和地貌等特征,对海南岛西北部莲花山周缘海岸出露的前全新世海相地层5个典型剖面进行区内对比,以恢复该套地层的产出序列,并推测海相地层的分布范围。结合海相地层的沉积时代和莲花山周缘海岸的地貌特征,探讨了该海岸带的地貌演化过程:中更新世以前,有河流自东南向西北经德义岭、莲花山入海,海相地层沉积区属于滨岸环境,是该海岸带当时受海水进退作用的主要区域,接受着波浪从北面、河流从南面带来的沉积物;中更新世至今,受雷琼地区火山活动的影响,河流被隆起的火山锥阻挡而截流或改道,海相地层沉积区则被抬升成为陆地,并在全新世海岸侵蚀作用下,形成了现今宽广的海蚀平台,海岸后退平均速率约为10 cm/a。Abstract: Coast of the northwestern Hainan Island, north of the Wangwu-Wenjiao Fault, has been shaped into a volcanic coast by the middle Pleistocene volcanic eruptions. The formation of the Lianhua Mountain resulted in the uplift and deformation of a set of marine deposits, which by now were the only outcrops of pre-Holocene marine strata in the coastal area of China except for Taiwan. Therefore, researches on these strata might have great implications to understand the evolution of the volcanic coast. Due to strong deformation and subsequent weathering and erosion, however, the primary sequences and conformation of the marine strata have been badly destroyed. In this paper, 5 typical outcrops around the Lianhua Mountain was studied in detail, and then, based on lithology, attitude, coastal morphology and tectonics, local correlation was made to recover the original sequences of the strata. This information about the sedimentary facies, structures, distribution, and age of the marine strata, combined with the coastal morphology, was applied to speculate the paleogeography, paleoenvironment and deformation process of the volcanic coast. Before the middle Pleistocene, study area with pre-Holocene marine deposits was the foreshore of the coast frequently affected by transgression and regression,and sediments from both the north by waves and the south by rivers mainly accumulated there. Since the middle Pleistocene, tectonic uplift induced by volcanic eruptions lifted the marine strata and, subsequently, caused them to be subjected to weathering and erosion. After the last glaciation, with the sea level ising, the coastline rapidly retreated with an average rate of 10 cm/a, and erosion of the pre-Holocene marine strata resulted in a platform of approximately 1 km wide.
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