HOLOCENE PALEOFLOOD SLACK WATER DEPOSITS AT THE YIJUN REACH OF THE BEILUOHE RIVER
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摘要: 通过野外考察,在黄河中游北洛河宜君段基岩峡谷,发现夹有古洪水滞流沉积物的全新世风成黄土-土壤地层。在野外观察和分析的基础上,自剖面顶部向下系统采取样品,进行磁化率、烧失量、碳酸钙、粒度成分和化学元素含量的测试分析。综合野外观测和实验分析结果,确定了在古土壤中所夹的具有波状或者水平层理的沉积层,为河流悬移质泥沙在高水位滞流环境下的沉积物。其主要成分为粉砂,次要成分为细砂,质地为砂质粉砂土。其频率曲线为正偏态,峰态很狭窄,说明粒级集中,分选较好。其磁化率、Fe元素含量和烧失量远低于黄土和古土壤,而碳酸钙含量较高。这些都是由于流域暴雨流水侵蚀的产物,在河流长距离搬运当中高度混合的结果。它们在沉积之后,很少受到风化成壤作用的影响。这些特大洪水的沉积层之间被古土壤亚层分隔开来,表明每一层记录了一个古洪水事件。通过气候地层学分析对比,初步确定3次古洪水发生在8 000~7 800 aBP (SWD1)、6 000~5 000 aBP (SWD2)、4 200~4 000 aBP (SWD3)。它们与全新世大暖期当中的气候突变事件密切相关。Abstract: Three layers of paleoflood slack water deposits (SWD) have been found intercalated in the Holocene loess-soil sequence on the riverbank at the Yijun reach of the Beiluohe River, the middle reach of the Yellow River. Each of the SWD represents an individual flooding event. The data of grain-size distribution, magnetic susceptibility, loss-on-ignition, calcium carbonate and chemical analysis indicate that these deposits were deposited as the suspended load from the floodwater. The slack water deposits consist of sandy silt in contrast to the loess and palaeosol which are made of silt and clayey silt. They are well sorted as the results of long-distance transportation in floodwater. The SWD are coarser than surrounding deposits because they were sourced from the loess region at the upper and middle reaches of the Beiluohe River. The magnetic susceptibility, Fe content and loss-on-ignition of the SWD are very low because they were well mixed during rainstorm erosion and floodwater transportation. According to climatic and stratigraphic correlation with the dated Holocene profiles in the region, we conclude that these palaeoflood events happened in 8 000~7 800 aBP (SWD1), 6 000~5 000 aBP (SWD2) and 4 200~4 000 aBP (SWD3) respectively, corresponding to the abrupt climatic events during the mid-Holocene Climatic Optimum.
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Key words:
- the Beiluohe River /
- Holocene /
- palaeoflood /
- slack water deposits /
- suspended load
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