POLLEN AND SPORE DISTRIBUTION IN THE SURFACE SEDIMENTS OF THE NORTHERN SOUTH CHINA SEA AND THEIR TRANSPORTATION
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摘要: 对分布于南海北部大陆架、大陆坡和海盆中的45个海底表层沉积物样品进行了孢粉分析,孢粉百分比和浓度的空间分布初步展示了珠江水流对南海北部花粉输入的重要影响,同时,也展示了某些类型的花粉和孢子同其陆地母本植被分布之间存在的关系。孢粉浓度多呈由珠江口向远岸逐渐减少的变化趋势,但在靠近海南岛附近有一个相对较高的次高值区,显示了对多数属种来说陆地和水流为主要花粉来源区和重要传入方式。研究区内蕨类孢子数量普遍较多,近岸尤其显著,这体现了内陆丰富的蕨类植被分布和温暖潮湿的气候的影响,但其百分含量却向外海呈增加的趋势,显示了其随水流传播强于空气传播的能力。大量的松属花粉可能表现了内陆地区广阔的马尾松分布,除松属花粉外的其他亚热带针叶树花粉是比较缺乏的。罗汉松花粉的表现力较好,常绿栎和栲花粉在阔叶树成分中占有较大比例,这明显高于其母本植被在周边地区的丰度,而其他热带、亚热带阔叶树花粉总的百分比较低,没有充分反映其实际的分布。北部内陆广泛分布的灌木丛并没有被其花粉所表现,这类花粉的表现力比较低,温带花粉有一定的含量,来自于东南亚的叶枝杉花粉在很多区域出现,高浓度的禾本科和莎草科花粉出现在近岸区域。Abstract: 45 pollen samples were collected from the surface sediments of the northern South China Sea, ranging from the continental shelf, the slope to the deep basin. The spatial distribution of pollen abundance indicates that the Pearl River may be the major transporter of pollen and spores to the sea. In general, pollen and spore concentrations decrease gradually with the distance from the Pearl River mouth. However, there is another relatively high value area to the east of Hainan Island, that is consistent with the assumption that nearby lands may be the major pollen source area, but rivers act as the most important carriers.Fern spores are obviously more than pollen grains, and also show a similar distribution pattern that the concentration decreases with distance from the Pearl River mouth. However, the percentage value increases with the distance from the shores. This pattern indicates that although inflow rivers may have carried most spores in, the dispersal ability of fern spores in the seawater is much better than that of pollen grains.Abundant Pinus pollen grains in the northern SCS probably came from the widely distributed Pinus massoniana in the inland areas of China. Other coniferous pollen was rarely found, while Podocarpus was well represented. Most common pollen taxa from subtropical and tropical broadleaved forests were dominated by evergreen Quercus and Castanopsis, of which pollen percentage was higher than that of other plants. Other subtropical and tropical tree pollen taxa were usually represented only by few pollen grains, indicating their low representation. Pollen of the widely distributed shrubs in the temperate regions was also not common. Phyllocladus pollen from Southeast Asia was frequently observed. Herb pollen, especially wild Poaceae and Cyperaceae, is common in the samples near the shore.
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Key words:
- pollen /
- spores /
- the northern SCS /
- surface sediments
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