VARIATION OF SEDIMENT LOAD AT THE MAJOR TRIBUTARIES IN THE MIDDLE REACHES OF YELLOW RIVER AND ITS IMPACTS ON THE SEDIMENT FLUX TO THE SEA
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摘要: 以60年来(1950-2009年)黄河中游7条主要支流(皇甫川、窟野河、无定河、延河、北洛河、泾河、渭河)及支流最终汇入黄河的控制水文站——潼关站逐年的水沙资料为依据,分析各支流年均径流量、输沙量的变化趋势,同时,对7支流、潼关、利津输沙量的年际变化过程研究,进一步探讨了中游泥沙减少对黄河入海泥沙通量变化的决定性作用。结果表明:黄河主要支流的年径流量和年输沙量均呈显著的减少,与20世纪50-60年代相比,7条支流总的输沙量由13.5亿t/a剧减至最近10年的3.4亿t/a,减幅达75%。黄河中游输沙量的急剧减少是降水减少,特别是黄土高原地区水土保持措施的实施(梯田、林地、草地、淤地坝等),以及退耕还林后植被覆盖度大幅度提高等因素共同作用的结果;黄河中游主要支流输沙量的急剧减少是黄河入海泥沙通量锐减的决定性因素,而20世纪80年代以来,下游引水、耗水的急剧增加以及水库调蓄(淤积)加剧了黄河入海泥沙通量的快速减少。Abstract: The loess plateau plays a critical role in the sediment budget of Huanghe River and its flux to the sea. Here in this paper, we studied the variations in annual water discharge and sediment load in seven main tributaries in the middle reach of the Huanghe River. Annual water and sediment data have been acquired from seven major hydrographic stations for 7 tributaries (Huangfuchuan River, Kuyehe River, Wudinghe River, Yanhe River, Beiluohe River, Jinghe River and Weihe River) and the Tonguan Station in the middle reach of the Huanghe River in 1950-2009. Besides, we studied the annual sediment load of the seven major tributaries and several hydrological stations in the mainstream (Tongguan and Lijin). The results indicate that the annual water discharge and sediment load decreased sharply over the past 60 years, the total sediment loads have dropped from 13.5 108t/a in 1950s-1960s to only 3.4 108t/a in 2000-2009, with a reduction of about 75%. Time series data of sediment loads from the major tributaries and Lijin station indicate that tributaries in the loess plateau played a dominant role in the decrease in Huanghe sediment flux to the sea, while the rapid increases in water consumption and redistribution in the low reaches sinc the 1980s accelerated the reduction of sediment flux to the sea.
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Key words:
- major tributaries /
- sediment yield /
- sediment flux to the sea /
- middle reach of Huanghe
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