PROGRESS OF LIPID BIOMARKER RESEARCH IN DEEP-SEA HYDROTHERMAL VENT AREAS
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摘要: 类脂物生物标志化合物(简称类脂物生标)记录了原始生物母质的分子组成信息,是研究极微生物群落、探索生命起源与演化的重要载体。综述了海底热液喷口区类脂物生标的主要研究进展,重点探讨烷烃、脂肪酸、醚类生标的应用及科学意义。类脂物生标研究表明,海底热液喷口区具有独特而又丰富的生物群落,喷口区动物群落与其他深海环境相似物种在饮食结构上有明显差别,它们主要捕食化能自养细菌或古细菌,且不同物种所捕食的微生物种类也具有选择性。为应对喷口区的极端物化环境,热液细菌和古菌形成了独特细胞分子组构。类脂物生标及单体同位素组成显示,喷口区存在嗜热型氨氧化和甲烷缺氧氧化古菌活动,在热液流体富H2的情况下硫酸盐还原菌与产甲烷古菌能够共存,碳限制条件下能产生富13C (-11.8‰~+3.6‰PDB)的类脂物生标。类脂物生标对于揭示热液微生物种群与营养关系、指示热液环境条件、反映热液区甲烷代谢作用以及探索生命起源与进化过程具有重要的研究意义,今后还需加强其应用范围及相关指示性机理等方面的研究。Abstract: Lipid biomarker bears important information of precursor molecular structure, and is an important media for exploring the biological community in extreme environment, the origin of life and the interaction and co-evolution between life and environment. In this paper, we summarized the recent progresses of lipid biomarkers research for hydrothermal vents, and discussed the application of hydrocarbon, fatty acid and ether biomarkers. The deep-sea hydrothermal vent support a rich and unique life community, and the hydrothermal animals select chemosynthetic microbes as their food. Lipid biomarkers and individual isotopic reflected the presence and activity of thermophilic anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and methane-oxidizing archaea. High hydrogen concentrations allow the concurrent growth of methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Under carbon-limited conditions, lipids of microbe can be very rich in 13C(-11.8‰~+3.6‰PDB). Lipid biomarkers has good implication for microbial community characteristics, hydrothermal conditions, methane-metabolized function group and origin and evolution of life, and we proposed that the application range and indicative mechanism of lipid biomarker should be enhanced during the future research.
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Key words:
- hydrothermal vent /
- lipid /
- biomarkers /
- geomicrobiology
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