摘要:
对目前国内外含锌电炉粉尘的性质和处理现状进行了分析和总结.电炉粉尘传统处理工艺都有各自的局限性:填埋法处理无法利用电炉粉尘中的有价金属;钢铁厂循环利用对电炉粉尘铅锌含量要求严格,锌的富集对后续炼铁炼钢工序造成危害,并不能大规模利用;湿法处理电炉粉尘能耗小,但流程长,设备腐蚀严重,目前难以得到大规模工业应用;火法处理虽然生产效率高,操作简单,脱锌率高,原料适应性强,但污染大,能耗高,对环境污染严重.新的处理技术如微波法、真空冶金技术、铝浴熔融法虽具有脱锌率高,更环保等优势,但因设备投资大,技术不成熟等原因,目前很难在工业上得到应用.焙烧转化-分离技术具备流程短,操作简单的优势,是未来处理含锌电炉粉尘的发展方向.
Abstract:
The properties and utilization status of zinc electric arc furnace (EAF) dust at home and abroad were ana lyzed and summarized.The EAF dust in traditional processes have their own limitations.Landfill method can't use the valuable metals in the EAF dust.The requirements of lead and zinc in EAF dust recycling in steel plants are strict and zinc concentration is bad for ironmaking and steelmaking process,thus this recycling process cannot be large-scale.It has a small consumption but long process and serious equipment corrosion so that it is hard to be large-scale in industry using hydrometallurgical methods.And it is of high energy consumption and has serious environmental pollution using pyrometallurgical methods although it has many advantages such as high efficiency,simple operation,high dezincing rate and strong adaptability to raw materials.New processing technologies have the advantages of high dezincification rate and more environmental protection,such as microwave,vacuum metallurgical technology,aluminum bath melting method and so on.However,they are hard to be commercialized in industry due to the large equipment investment and the immature technology.Transformation of roasting-separation technology with the advantage of short process and feasible operation is the future utilization direction of zinc EAF dust.
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