Metallogenic Geological Characteristics and Genesis of the Rb-Sn Polymetallic Deposit in Mount Tiantang, Guangdong Province
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摘要:
广东天堂山铷锡多金属矿床位于NNE向武夷山多金属成矿带南段与南岭纬向多金属成矿带东端的交汇部位。通过对广东天堂山铷锡多金属矿体的地质特征、成矿特征的研究，查明矿体主要赋存于上侏罗统高基坪群第二亚群火山岩及其构造破碎蚀变带、节理裂隙蚀变带和花岗岩岩体隆起部位，其中侏罗系上统高基坪群第二亚群火山岩岩石主要成矿元素Rb的背景浓度较高，该地层是铷矿（化）体的主要赋矿层位。通过地质特征和地球化学证据认为矿物质来源与火山岩和燕山期岩体有关，区内角岩型铷矿、云英岩型铷矿、钠长石化花岗岩型铌钽矿、构造破碎蚀变带（岩）型锡矿、云英岩型钨锡矿及细脉浸染型锡矿、铅锌矿、铜矿矿床成因是以岩浆期后气成-热液充填交代作用为主的多阶段、多期次成矿的，是在不同的演化阶段、不同的成矿地质条件及不同的部位形成的具成因联系的一组矿床。
Abstract:Tiantangshan Rb-Sn polymetallic deposit in Guangdong Province is located at the intersection of the southern part of the NNE trending Wuyishan polymetallic metallogenic belt and the eastern end of the Nanling latitudinal polymetallic metallogenic belt. Based on the study of the geological and metallogenic characteristics of the rubidium tin polymetallic ore body in Tiantangshan, Guangdong Province, it is found that the ore body mainly occurs in the volcanic rocks of the second subgroup of the upper Jurassic Gaojiping group and its tectonic fracture alteration zone, joint fissure alteration zone and the uplift of granite. The background concentration of Rb is relatively high in the volcanic rocks of the second subgroup of the Jurassic Gaojiping group, This stratum is the main ore bearing horizon of rubidium ore body. Based on geological characteristics and geochemical evidence, it is considered that the source of minerals is related to volcanic rocks and Yanshanian rocks. The genesis of hornblende type rubidium deposit, greisen type rubidium deposit, albitized granite type niobium tantalum deposit, structural fracture alteration zone (rock) type tin deposit, greisen type tungsten tin deposit, veinlet leaching type tin deposit, lead zinc deposit and copper deposit in the area is post magmatic gas hydrothermal filling metasomatism The main multi-stage and multi-stage mineralization is a group of ore deposits with genetic relationship formed in different evolution stages, different metallogenic geological conditions and different parts.
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表 1 矿区内主要矿体、矿石类型及其特征
Table 1. Main ore body types and their characteristics in the mining area
类型 亚类 与铷矿体关系 矿区所圈矿体数/个 铷矿体 据Rb2O的品位，按工业
指标划分工业矿体 / 28 低品位矿体 按围岩蚀变程度划分 角岩型铷矿体 云英岩型铷矿体 锡矿体 构造破碎蚀变带（岩）型锡矿体，次为细脉浸染型
锡矿体分布于火山岩，叠加于角岩型铷矿体，与角岩型铷矿体呈异体共生 96 钨锡矿体 隐伏矿体，矿体围岩为火山岩或细粒-细中粒黑云母
花岗岩或石英斑岩或云英岩与云英岩型铷矿体属异体共生，含矿岩石为云英岩 22 铅锌矿体 隐爆角砾岩型铅锌矿体、细脉浸染型铅锌矿体、
铜矿体分布于火山岩，叠加于角岩型铷矿体之内，与角岩型铷矿体呈异体共生 11 铜矿体 
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表 2 广东天堂山铷锡多金属矿床矿石特征
Table 2. Ore characteristics of rubidium tin polymetallic deposit in tiandenshan, guangdong
类别 矿石矿物 稀有放射性矿物 脉石矿物 少量及微量矿物 矿石类型 铷矿 黑云母和水黑云母、锂云母 锆石、独居石、钍石、磷灰石、铌铁矿、钽铌铁矿 主要为石英、黄玉，次为钾长石、斜长石、绢云母、绿泥石 / / 锡矿 锡石、黑云母、黄铜矿、黑钨矿 / 石英、绢云母、长石、黑云母、黄玉、萤石、高岭土、绿泥石 / / 钨锡矿 黑钨矿、锡石、云母，黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪
锌矿锆石、独居石、钍石、磷灰石、铌铁矿、钽铌铁矿 主要为石英、黄玉、高岭土、萤石、长石、绢云母、绿泥石等 / 粗安质角砾熔岩、粗安质晶屑（岩屑）凝灰熔岩、粗面安山岩、粗安质熔结凝灰岩，局部存在熔结凝灰岩、含角砾粗熔结凝灰岩、隐爆角砾岩等矿石 铅锌矿及铜矿 铅锌矿 方铅矿、闪锌矿，黄铜矿、黑云母等 / 石英、萤石、长石、绢云母、绿
泥石锂云母-石英型、钾长石-锂云母-石英型等矿石 褐铁矿、赤铁矿、黄铁矿、辉铋矿、斑铜矿、铜蓝等 铜矿 黄铜矿，次为辉铜矿、斑铜矿、铜蓝、黑云
母等/ 石英、长石、白云母、绢云母、绿泥石等 赤铁矿-锡石、黄铜矿-黄铁矿-锡石、石英-黑钨矿-锡石等矿石 褐铁矿、赤铁矿、蓝辉铜矿、黄铁矿、锡石、白铁矿、辉铋矿、辉钼矿等 石英-黄玉-黑钨矿-锡石、石英-黄玉-黑钨矿、石英-黄玉-锡石等矿石 铅锌银、方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铁矿等矿石 黄铜矿、黄铜矿-辉铜矿、黄铜矿-辉铜矿-黄铁矿等矿石
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表 4 X荧光光谱半定量检测结果 /%
Table 4. X-ray fluorescence spectrum semi-quantitative test result
岩性 Rb Sn W Cu Pb Zn F 粗安质熔结凝灰岩 0.15 0.042 0.046 0.14 0.025 0.15 1.41 粗面安山岩 0.18 0.015 0.042 0.007 0.019 0.023 1.37 含角砾粗安质熔结凝灰岩 0.20 0.035 0.033 0.014 0.21 0.14 1.23 ※酸性火山岩/ppm 200 3 − 20 20 60 800 云英岩 0.13 0.008 0.061 0.008 0.12 0.12 1.07 ※根据A·Ⅱ.BHHorpaⅡoB，1962
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