Soil Environmental Quality Assessment around the Undeveloped Ion Adsorption Type Rare Earth Ore in Southern Jiangxi
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摘要:
为摸清未开发离子型稀土矿区土壤环境质量，使后续开采过程中的监测更有目的性，以赣南某矿区为研究区域，采用改进内梅罗土壤肥力综合法评价了研究区域土壤肥力，采用单因子指数法和内梅罗污染指数法评价了其重金属污染状况。结果显示：研究区域各单项土壤肥力水平依次为全磷<全氮<有机质<速效磷<碱解氮<速效钾<全钾，整体处于低水平、贫瘠状态，优于赣南某采矿废弃区；各项重金属污染水平依次为As<Ni<Cr<Cu<Zn<Cd<Pb，均处于安全区范围内，与江西省土壤背景值具有可比性，优于赣南某采矿废弃区。研究揭示该地区土壤肥力低下，不存在重金属污染，在后期开发利用中，应注意对土壤中碱解氮、全钾、速效钾、Pb、Cd和As的监测。
Abstract:In order to find out the soil quality of the undeveloped ion adsorption type rare earth ore, and more purposeful monitoring in the mining process, a mining area in Ningdu, southern Jiangxi was taken as the research area, and the improved Nemerow soil fertility comprehensive method was used to evaluate the soil fertility of the research area, the single factor index method and Nemerow pollution index method were used to evaluate the heavy metal pollution status. Results show that: the soil fertility levels of each single item in the study area are is total phosphorus < total nitrogen < organic matter < available phosphorus < alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen < available potassium < total potassium, and the overall level is low and barren, which is better than that of a mining waste area; The pollution levels of heavy metals are As<Ni<Cr<Cu<Zn<Cd<Pb, which are all within the safe area and comparable with the soil background value in Jiangxi Province, and better than a mining waste area. The research revealed that the soil fertility in this area is low and there is no heavy metal pollution. In the later development and utilization, attention should be paid to the monitoring of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen, total potassium, available potassium, Pb, Cd and As in the soil.
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表 1 土壤肥力参评因子标准化处理方法
Table 1. Standardized treatment methods of soil fertility participating factors
分级标准 标准化处理方法 Ⅳ(差) ci≤xa，pi=ci/xa，pi≤1 Ⅲ(中等) xa≤ci≤xc ，pi=1+(ci-xa)/(xc-xa)，1≤pi≤2 Ⅱ(较好) xc≤ci≤xp ，pi=2+(ci-xa)/(xc-xa)，2≤pi≤3 Ⅰ(好) ci>xp ，pi=3 注：ci为土壤中某项指标的实测数据。 
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表 2 土壤肥力参评指标分级标准值
Table 2. Grading standard values of soil fertility participating factors
参评指标 xa xc xp AN/(mg·kg-1)） 60 120 180 AP/(mg·kg-1) 5 10 20 AK/( mg·kg-1) 50 100 200 TN/( g·kg-1) 0.75 1.50 2.00 TP/( g·kg-1) 0.75 1.50 2.00 TK/( g·kg-1) 10 20 30 SOM/ g·kg-1) 10 20 30
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表 3 不同重金属的农用地土壤污染风险筛选值/（mg·kg-1）
Table 3. Screening values of soil pollution risk in agricultural land for different heavy metals
pH值 Cu Pb Zn Cr Ni Cd As ≤5.5 50 80 200 150 60 0.3 40
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表 4 全国第二次土壤普查养分分级标准
Table 4. The nutrient classification standard of the second national soil census
一级
（极高）二级
（较高）三级
（中等）四级
（较缺乏）五级
（缺乏）六级
（极缺乏）AN/(mg·kg-1) >150 150~120 120~90 90~60 60~30 <30 AP/(mg·kg-1) >40 40~20 20~10 10~5 5~3 <3 AK/(mg·kg-1) >200 200~150 150~100 100~50 50~30 <30 TN/(g·kg-1) >2 2~1.5 1.5~1 1~0.75 0.75~0.5 <0.5 TP/(g·kg-1) >1 1~0.8 0.8~0.6 0.6~0.4 0.4~0.2 <0.2 TK/(g·kg-1) >25 25~20 20~15 15~10 10~5 <5 SOM/(g·kg-1) >40 40~30 30~20 20~10 10~6 <6
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表 5 研究区域土壤中养分含量分析
Table 5. Analysis of nutrient content in soil in the survey area
AN/
(mg·kg-1)AP/
(mg·kg-1)AK/ (mg·kg-1) TN/
(g·kg-1)TP/
(g·kg-1)TK/
(g·kg-1)SOM/
(g·kg-1)平均值 140.00 4.71 150.00 0.63 0.23 26.67 9.46 最大值 310.00 7.59 300.00 1.80 0.76 37.1 28.70 最小值 42.50 2.99 80.40 0.10 0.091 14.5 0.87 背景值 132.03 4.41 0.014 0.063 0.22 25.53 10.68 一级（%） 32 0 12 0 0 72 0 二级（%） 22 0 30 2 0 26 0 三级（%） 32 0 50 10 4 2 12 四级（%） 12 26 8 18 4 0 26 五级（%） 2 72 0 20 36 0 18 六级（%） 0 2 0 50 56 0 44
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表 6 土壤综合肥力等级划分（NY/T 1749-2009）
Table 6. Classification of soil comprehensive fertility grades (NY/T 1749-2009)
等级划分 土壤肥力指数 评价描述 Ⅰ(好) pz≥1.7 土壤肥力处于高水平、肥沃或很肥沃，不缺肥，作物产量较高，施肥增产的边际效应降低。 Ⅱ(一般) 0.9≤pz≤1.7 土壤肥力处于一般水平、尚可，个别指标可能显示缺乏，作物产量随施肥量提高较明显。 Ⅲ(差) pz<0.9 土壤肥力处于低水平、贫瘠，作物处于缺肥状态，个别指标严重缺乏或不宜，施肥增产显著。
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表 7 研究区域土壤中重金属含量统计
Table 7. Statistical table of heavy metal content in soil in the study area
元素 平均值/
（g·t-1）最大值
/
（g·t-1）最小值
/
（g·t-1）江西省土壤背景
值/（g·t-1）Cu 10.66 35.3 2.45 17.7 Pb 37.61 164 8.21 28.5 Zn 65.71 123 29.9 63.7 Cr 22.02 73.2 8.3 39.4 Ni 8.88 29.6 2.72 15.8 Cd 0.13 1.4 0.041 0.0696 As 3.59 30 0.26 11.3 注：出自《中国土壤元素背景值》
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表 8 土壤重金属污染评价分级标准
Table 8. Classification criteria for soil heavy metal pollution evaluation
等级划分 综合污染指数 污染等级 1 P综≤0.7 安全 2 0.7<P综≤1 警戒线 3 1<P综≤2 轻度污染 4 2<P综≤3 中度污染 5 P综>3 重度污染
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