Research Progress on Chemical Remediation and Strengthening Methods of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil in Mining Areas
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摘要:
随着开采活动的加剧，矿区土壤污染问题日益突出。如今的修复方法主要有物理修复，化学修复，生物修复等。其中化学修复法效率高、修复快速，但修复过程中容易造成矿区土壤环境的退化，因此，在利用化学修复方法的同时，如果结合其他方法，将会有更广泛的应用前景。本文通过对矿区土壤化学修复法的研究现状、存在问题进行分析，同时总结了化学法联合其他方法的研究热点，分析得出当前化学修复方法应当结合其他方法，开展联合强化修复，以确保修复过程减少化学物质对矿区土壤的二次污染。
Abstract:With the intensification of mining activities, the problem of soil pollution in mining area becomes more and more serious. Nowadays, the main methods include physical remediation, chemical remediation, bio-remediation and so on. Among them, chemical remediation method is efficient, fast, easy to combine with other methods to strengthen remediation, and has a good application prospect in synergistic effect. Based on the research status and existing problems of chemical remediation, this paper summarizes the research hotspots of chemical remediation combined with other methods, and concludes that current chemical remediation should be combined with other methods to strengthen remediation, so as to ensure that the remediation process can reduce the secondary pollution of soil caused by chemical substances.
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Key words:
- Mine soil /
- Heavy metal pollution /
- Pollution remediation /
- Strengthen remediation
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表 1 修复重金属污染土壤的常用淋洗剂、优缺点及修复机制
Table 1. Commonly used eluents, advantages and disadvantages and repair mechanisms for the repair of heavy metal contaminated soil
类别 淋洗试剂 优缺点 淋洗机制 文献 无机淋洗剂 盐酸，硫酸，硝酸，磷酸等 √效果好、速度快、成本低
×对土壤结构破坏严重，不易再生利用酸解、离子交换 [21] 人工螯合剂 EDTA,DTPA, NTA等 √使用范围广、效率高
×生物降解性差，二次污染风险大络合反应 [22] 天然螯合剂 柠檬酸、草酸等 √可生物降、对土壤温和
×淋洗效率低络合反应 [23] 中性盐 NaCl CaCl2 FeCl3等 √化学性质较温和，对土壤破坏性较小 离子交换、络合反应 [24] 表面活性剂 SDBS、SDS、RL2、
皂苷、皂角苷等√种类多，环境的危害
更小特别是生物表面活性剂，并具有较好的生物降解性
×价格相对较高离子交换、亲水和疏水基团共同作用、降低界面活化能、沉淀—溶解和离子结合 [25] 复合淋洗剂 以上试剂的混合/复配 √综合不同淋洗剂的优点淋洗效率高 以上机制的复合 [26] 
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