Research on Mineral Processing Technology of Ultrafine Ilmenite Resources in Panzhihua-Xichang Area
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摘要:
这是一篇矿物加工工程领域的论文。针对攀西地区某选矿厂的超微细粒级钛铁矿难回收的问题，进行了浮选工艺流程的对比研究。采用直接浮选、脱泥-浮选、 “离心-浮选”、“超导-浮选”、“强磁-浮选”、“悬振-浮选”等选矿工艺流程，试验结果表明：直接浮选和脱泥-浮选工艺无法获得TiO2品位大于46%的钛精矿产品；悬振和强磁选可以获得品位较高的预富集精矿，有利于后续浮选作业，离心和超导可以获得回收率较高的预富集精矿，可保证钛铁矿的有效回收。但考虑到超导预富集工艺工业实施投入大、目前尚无成熟工业案例；而强磁选和悬振预富集工艺易于工业化实施，但悬振选矿机的单机处理能力有限。因此，最终确定最优选矿工艺为“强磁-浮选”，可获得钛精矿品位46.62%，开路浮选作业回收率58.32%，全流程回收率43.78%的指标。
Abstract:This is an essay in the field of mineral processing engineering. Aiming at the problem of difficult recovery of ultrafine ilmenite from a concentrator in Panzhihua-Xichang Area, a comparative study of flotation process was carried out. Using direct flotation, desliming flotation, "centrifugal-flotation", "superconducting flotation", "strong magnetic flotation", "suspension vibration-flotation" and other beneficiation processes, the test results show that: direct flotation and desliming flotation processes can not obtain titanium concentrate products with TiO2 grade greater than 46%. Suspension vibration and high intensity magnetic separation can obtain higher grade preenriched concentrate, which is conducive to the subsequent flotation operation. Centrifugation and superconductivity can obtain higher recovery of preenriched concentrate, which can ensure the effective recovery of ilmenite. But considering that superconducting preenrichment technology industry implementation investment is large, there is no mature industrial case at present; The high intensity magnetic separation and suspended vibration preconcentration process are easy to be industrialized, but the single processing capacity of the suspended vibration separator is limited. Therefore, the optimal flotation process was finally determined to be "strong magnetic flotation", which could obtain the index of titanium concentrate grade of 46.62%, recovery rate of 58.32% in open flotation operation and recovery rate of 43.78% in the whole process.
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表 1 原矿的多元素化学分析结果/%
Table 1. Multi-element chemical analysis results of raw ore
TFe TiO2 S SiO2 Al2O3 CaO MgO Al2O3 Na2O 其他 16.31 16.94 0.34 28.94 5.71 8.32 11.88 5.71 0.60 5.25 
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表 2 原矿筛分分析结果
Table 2. Screening analysis results of raw ore
粒级/mm 产率/% 品位/% 分布率/% TiO2 TFe TiO2 TFe +0.045 0.39 4.22 12.11 0.10 0.29 -0.045+0.028 6.75 6.04 11.08 2.41 4.58 -0.028+0.019 13.65 12.35 14.31 9.95 11.97 -0.019+0.010 37.17 17.22 16.35 37.79 37.25 -0.010 42.05 20.04 17.81 49.75 45.91 原矿 100.00 16.94 16.31 100.00 100.00
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表 3 原矿中主要矿物的含量/%
Table 3. Content of main minerals in raw ore
钛磁铁矿 钛铁矿 黄铁矿 橄榄石 辉石 绿泥石 斜长石 其他 3.7 32.37 0.22 9.84 39.65 5.63 2.31 6.28
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表 4 主要矿物解离度数据/%
Table 4. Dissociation data for major minerals
矿物 解离
度钛铁
矿黄铁
矿铬尖
晶石赤铁
矿磷灰
石一水硬
铝石黄铜
矿榍石 方解
石钙钛
矿石英 橄榄
石透辉
石角闪
石黑云
母绿泥
石长石 绿帘
石误差 钛铁矿 75.84 0 0.01 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.46 0.02 0.02 0 0.32 15.36 0.83 0.45 1.01 2.76 0.03 2.77 黄铁矿 69.97 1.38 0 0 0 0.12 0.1 0.05 0.3 0 0 0 0.56 19.65 0.89 0.71 2.01 2.15 0 2.11 橄榄石 81.51 1.11 0.02 0.01 0.19 0 0 0 0.09 0.02 0 0 0 7.59 0.83 0.26 0.9 1.09 0.03 6.36 透辉石 80.51 4.87 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.28 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.7 0 2.16 0.59 1.35 1.53 0.07 7.63 长石 63.73 7.44 0.06 0.07 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.3 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.86 13.02 2.32 1.16 1.4 0 0.23 9.24
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表 5 直接浮选实验结果
Table 5. Test results of traditional flotation
产品名称 产率/% TiO2品位/% TiO2回收率/% 钛精矿 17.74 39.96 41.74 中矿4 2.50 25.77 3.79 中矿3 3.58 16.13 3.82 中矿2 7.22 15.90 7.61 中矿1 9.41 16.18 8.96 扫选精矿 19.66 11.46 16.74 尾矿 39.90 7.38 17.35 原矿 100.00 16.98 100.00
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表 6 脱泥-浮选实验结果
Table 6. Test results of desliming and flotation
产品名称 产率/% TiO2品位/% TiO2回收率/% 钛精矿 17.12 42.24 42.76 钛中矿4 2.17 34.18 4.38 钛中矿3 3.25 20.77 3.99 钛中矿2 5.55 16.64 5.46 钛中矿1 9.44 10.82 6.04 扫选精矿 10.93 16.78 10.84 矿泥 19.32 15.14 17.30 尾 矿 32.22 4.85 9.24 给 矿 100.00 16.92 100.00
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表 7 离心-浮选实验结果
Table 7. Test results of centrifugal-flotation
产品名称 产率/% TiO2品位/% TiO2回收率/% 离心尾矿 22.10 10.18 13.26 离心精矿 钛精矿 77.90 17.35 18.89 45.17 86.74 46.19 浮钛中矿 42.22 14.45 35.95 浮选尾矿 18.33 4.25 4.59 原矿 100.00 16.97 100.00
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表 8 超导-浮选实验结果
Table 8. Test results of superconductivity-flotation
产品名称 产率/% TiO2品位/% TiO2回收率/% 超导尾矿 36.20 8.12 15.41 超导精矿 钛精矿 63.80 15.96 21.98 46.08 82.67 43.36 浮钛中矿 32.98 18.28 34.47 浮选尾矿 15.86 5.18 4.84 原矿 100.00 16.96 100.00
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表 9 强磁-浮选实验结果
Table 9. Test results of high intensity magnetic flotation
产品名称 产率/% TiO2品位/% TiO2回收率/% 强磁尾矿 45.32 9.32 24.93 强磁精矿 钛精矿 54.68 15.91 23.26 46.62 75.07 43.78 浮钛中矿 25.49 18.60 27.99 浮选尾矿 13.28 4.21 3.30 原矿 100.00 16.94 100.00
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表 10 悬振+浮选试验结果
Table 10. Test results of suspension vibration + flotation
产品名称 产率/% TiO2品位/% TiO2回收率/% 悬振尾矿 51.86 9.38 28.69 悬振精矿 钛精矿 48.14 35.27 14.85 25.12 32.84 46.78 71.31 68.32 40.97 浮钛中矿 20.42 22.71 27.35 浮选尾矿 12.87 3.95 2.99 原矿 100.00 16.96 100.00
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