Eco-Geological Environment Carrying Capacity and Resource and Environmental Characteristics of Lithium Ore Belt in Western Sichuan
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摘要:
这是一篇地球科学领域的论文。川西锂矿带是我国硬岩型锂矿资源最丰富的地区，然而，区内生态地质环境脆弱，实现资源、环境和经济的协调发展一直是困扰区域资源深度开发的难题。本文系统梳理了锂矿带内自然资源、矿产资源、地质环境特征以及主要存在的环境地质问题，构建了基于地质环境、生态环境、社会环境三大子系统的生态地质环境承载力评价指标体系，遴选并获取了19项基础评价指标数据信息，开展全域承载力评价。结果表明：川西锂矿带地质环境相对安全稳定，带内现有矿业活动对区域生态环境影响并不显著，人类生产生活影响范围有限；中等及以上承载力国土面积比例达到79.16%，锂矿资源集中区内生态地质环境承载力较高，整体生态地质环境状况良好。
Abstract:This is an essay in the field of earth sciences. The lithium belt in West Sichuanis the richest area of hard rock lithium resources in China, but the ecological and geological environment in the belt is fragile, so the coordinated development of resources, environment and economy has been a difficult problem for the deep development of regional resources. This paper systematically compares the natural resources, mineral resources, geological environment characteristics and the main environmental geological problems in the lithium belt, constructs an ecological and geological environment carrying capacity evaluation index system based on three subsystems: geological environment, ecological environment and social environment, selects and obtains 19 basic evaluation index data information, and carries out a region-wide carrying capacity evaluation. The results show that: the geological environment of the west Sichuan lithium belt is relatively safe and stable, the existing mining activities in the belt do not have a significant impact on the regional ecological environment, and the impact of human production and life is limited in scope. The proportion of the country area with medium and above carrying capacity reaches 79.16%, the ecological and geological environment carrying capacity in the lithium resource concentration area is high, and the overall ecological and geological environment is in good condition.
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表 1 川西锂矿带锂矿床资源信息
Table 1. Information of lithium deposits in the western Sichuan lithium belt
编号 矿床地名 地理位置 集中区 主矿种 勘查程度 规模 1 斯约武 阿坝州壤塘县 可尔因 锂、铍 踏勘 小型 2 瓦英锂 阿坝州马尔康 可尔因 铌、钽 普查 矿点 3 木尔基 阿坝州马尔康 可尔因 锂、铍、铌钽 普查 中型 4 地拉秋 阿坝州马尔康 可尔因 锂 普查 中型 5 党坝 阿坝州马尔康 可尔因 锂 勘探 大型 6 观音桥 阿坝州金川县 可尔因 锂、铍、铌钽 详查 中型 7 年克 阿坝州金川县 可尔因 铍、锂、铌钽 预查 中型 8 业隆沟 阿坝州金川县 可尔因 锂 勘探 中型 9 斯曼措沟 阿坝州金川县 可尔因 锂 预查 小型 10 李家沟 阿坝州金川县 可尔因 锂、铍、铌钽 勘探 超大型 11 木迪 阿坝州金川县 可尔因 锂、铌 踏勘 矿点 12 斯则木足 阿坝州马尔康 可尔因 锂 预查 超大型 13 普尔-色里 阿坝州马尔康 可尔因 锂、铷 预查 中型 14 打枪沟 甘孜州九龙县 九龙 铍、锂 详查 中型 15 木绒 甘孜州雅江县 甲基卡 锂、铌钽 勘探 矿点 16 甲基卡 甘孜州康定县 甲基卡 锂、铍、铌钽 勘探 超大型 17 措拉 甘孜州雅江县 甲基卡 锂、铍、铌钽 勘探 大型 18 烧炭沟 甘孜州雅江县 甲基卡 锂、铍、铌钽 勘探 大型 19 德扯弄巴 甘孜州雅江县 甲基卡 锂、铍、铌钽 勘探 大型 20 容须卡 甘孜州道孚县 甲基卡 锂、铍、铌钽 详查 中型 
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表 2 生态地质环境承载力评价指标及其权重
Table 2. Evaluation index weighting of eco-geological environment carrying capacity
准则层 指标 正负向 层次分析法权重 熵值法权重 综合权重 地质环境子系统 断裂缓冲区 正向 0.1195 0.0656 0.0963 地层岩性 正向 0.0269 0.0986 0.0576 高程 负向 0.1108 0.0457 0.0828 地表切割度 负向 0.0814 0.0461 0.0661 坡度 负向 0.0716 0.0361 0.0563 PGA 负向 0.0225 0.0265 0.0242 地质灾害密度 负向 0.0578 0.0590 0.0583 生态环境子系统 土壤可蚀性K值 负向 0.0357 0.0547 0.0439 年均降雨量 正向 0.0689 0.0384 0.0558 年均气温 正向 0.0455 0.0453 0.0454 年均蒸散发 正向 0.0236 0.0567 0.0379 EVI 正向 0.1088 0.0293 0.0746 河流缓冲区 负向 0.0163 0.0647 0.0372 矿点缓冲区 正向 0.0131 0.0625 0.0344 社会经济子系统 耕地面积比 正向 0.0219 0.0794 0.0467 建设面积比 正向 0.0330 0.0221 0.0283 道路缓冲区 负向 0.0113 0.0672 0.0354 人口密度 正向 0.0553 0.0799 0.0659 GDP密度 正向 0.0761 0.0222 0.0529
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表 3 地质环境子系统承载力信息
Table 3. Geological environment subsystem bearing capacity information
分级 <0.23 0.23~0.26 0.26-0.29 0.29~0.31 >0.31 承载力等级 承载力差 承载力较差 承载力中 承载力较高 承载力高 分布面积（km2） 3308.26 18610.01 19649.07 8902.39 5262.65 分布比例 5.94% 33.39% 35.26% 15.97% 9.44%
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表 4 生态环境子系统承载力信息
Table 4. Ecosystem subsystem carrying capacity information
分级 <0.14 0.14~0.16 0.16~0.19 0.19~0.22 >0.22 承载力等级 承载力差 承载力较差 承载力中 承载力较高 承载力高 分布面积/km2 4826.37 9844.57 28589.92 10856.54 1737.31 分布比例 8.64% 17.63% 51.19% 19.44% 3.11%
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表 5 社会经济子系统承载力信息
Table 5. Socio-economic subsystem carrying capacity information
分级 <0.027 0.027~0.035 0.035~0.044 0.044~0.051 >0.051 承载力等级 承载力差 承载力较差 承载力中 承载力较高 承载力高 分布面积/km2 2669.93 12757.41 30509.89 8851.67 1270.16 分布比例 4.76% 22.76% 54.42% 15.79% 2.27%
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表 6 生态地质环境承载力综合评价信息
Table 6. Eco-geological environment carrying capacity information
分级 <0.41 0.41~0.45 0.45~0.50 0.50~0.54 >0.54 承载力等级 承载力差 承载力较差 承载力中 承载力较高 承载力高 分布面积/km2 2219.12 9386.83 26681.44 12833.58 4551.56 分布比例/% 3.99 16.86 47.93 23.05 8.18
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