Research Progress on Extraction Technology of Rare Earth Elementsfrom Coal Ash
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摘要:
这是一篇矿业工程领域的论文。粉煤灰中稀土元素的高值化利用，可有效缓解我国粉煤灰污染环境的问题，拓展稀土原料的供应链，保障稀土的战略安全。本文对近年来报道的粉煤灰中稀土元素提取技术研究进行了综述，介绍了酸法、碱熔酸浸和碱浸酸溶提取工艺，以及沉淀法和萃取法分离工艺的研究进展，对比了粉煤灰直接酸浸+化学沉淀法提取稀土工艺、粉煤灰直接酸浸+萃取法提取稀土工艺和粉煤灰碱熔+酸浸+化学沉淀法提取稀土工艺流程的优缺点。指出粉煤灰中稀土的提取技术研究工作可建立在已实现工业化的粉煤灰提取氧化铝和镓工艺流程上，探索粉煤灰中铝、镓和稀土等联合提取开发，不仅可加快粉煤灰中稀土提取的工业化步伐，还可进一步实现粉煤灰综合利用，提升粉煤灰的附加值。
Abstract:This is an essay in the field of mining engineering. High-value utilization of rare earths in fly ash can effectively alleviate the environmental pollution caused by fly ash in my country, expand the supply chain of rare earth raw materials, and ensure the strategic safety of rare earths. This article summarizes the research on rare earth element extraction technology reported from fly ash in recent years, and introduces the research progress of acid method, acid-base combined extraction technology and precipitation method and extraction method. The advantages and disadvantages of the three rare earth element extraction and separation processes are compared. It is pointed out that the research on the extraction technology of rare earth from fly ash can be based on the process flowsheet of the existing industrial equipment for extracting aluminum oxide and gallium from fly ash. The exploration of the collaborative extraction and development of aluminum, gallium and rare earth from fly ash can not only speed up the development of the extraction of rare earth from fly ash. The industrialization of the extraction and application of rare earths in coal ash also can further realize the comprehensive utilization of fly ash and increase the added value of fly ash.
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Key words:
- Mining engineering /
- Fly ash /
- Rare earth /
- Extraction and separation /
- Industrialization
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表 1 从粉煤灰中提取稀土工艺流程优缺点分析
Table 1. Analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the extraction process of rare earth from fly ash
序号 工艺名称 优点 缺点 1 直接酸浸+化学沉淀提取REE工艺 1. 工艺操作简单，条件宽泛
2. 稀土浸出率高1. 酸浸时，其他元素一同浸出，除杂困难
2. 设备选型苛刻
3. 沉淀剂无法循环使用2 直接酸浸+
萃取法提取REE工艺1. 萃取设备选型可以借鉴成熟的稀土萃取设备
2. 萃取剂可以循环使用1. 萃取级数较多，流程长
2. 需要针对不同的杂质开发针对性的萃取剂3 碱熔+酸浸+化学沉
淀提取REE工艺1. 不受粉煤灰中晶相矿物的限制，适用于煤粉炉和循环流化床粉煤灰
2. 稀土浸出率高1. 焙烧能耗高
2. 沉淀剂无法循环使用
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