Study on Fluid Inclusions and Genesis of Mengnuo Lead-zinc Deposit in Western Yunnan
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摘要:
勐糯铅锌矿是保山（地块）Pb-Zn-Cu-Fe-Hg-Sb-As-Au成矿带内的大型铅锌矿床，该矿床的成因存在沉积-改造型、喷流沉积型（SEDEX）、热液型矿床（MVT）等不同观点。本文对勐糯铅锌矿床中方解石、石英、重晶石、闪锌矿开展流体包裹体研究，以探讨该矿床成矿流体来源及矿床成因。结果显示，该矿床整个成矿期的均一温度服从正态分布，众数为170～280 ℃，为中低温；成矿流体盐度为4.03%～12.73% NaCl，属于低盐度的不饱和成矿流体；整个成矿期的流体密度主要为0.778～0.978 g/cm3，显示中等密度特征；成矿流体以CO2、H2O为主要成分的低盐度、中等密度流体。结合矿床地质特征、同位素地球化学特征等方面的研究，认为勐糯铅锌矿床应为与侵入岩浆地质作用有关的中低温热液型铅锌矿床。
Abstract:The Mengnuo Pb-Zn deposit is a large Pb-Zn one in the Pb-Zn-Cu-Fe-Hg-Sb-As-Au metallogenic belt of Baoshan (block). There are different views on the genesis of the deposit, such as sedimentary-reworked type, exhalative sedimentary type (SEDEX) and hydrothermal type deposit (MVT). In this paper, the fluid inclusions of calcite, quartz, barite and sphalerite in Mengnuo lead-zinc deposit are studied to explore the source of the ore-forming fluid and the genesis of the deposit. The results show that the homogenization temperature of the whole metallogenic period of the deposit obeys the normal distribution, and the mode is 170 ～ 280 ℃, which is medium and low temperature. The salinity of the ore-forming fluid is 4.03% ～ 12.73% NaCl, which belongs to the low salinity unsaturated ore-forming fluid. The fluid density of the whole metallogenic period is mainly 0.778～0.978 g/cm3, which shows medium density characteristics. The ore-forming fluid is low-salinity and medium-density one with CO2 and H2O as the main components. Combined with the study of geological characteristics and isotopic geochemical characteristics of the deposit, it is considered that the Mengnuo lead-zinc deposit should be a medium-low temperature hydrothermal lead-zinc deposit related to intrusive magmatic geology.
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表 1 勐糯铅锌矿床矿物生成顺序
Table 1. Mineral formation sequence of the Mengnuo lead-zinc deposit
矿物 期次 沉积期 热液成矿期 表生期 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ 方解石 
方铅矿 闪锌矿 黄铁矿 重晶石 石英 白云石 褐铁矿 
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表 2 勐糯铅锌矿床流体温度、盐度特征
Table 2. Characteristics of fluid temperature and salinity in the Mengnuo lead-zinc deposit
样品编号 测定矿物 类型 测定次数 Th,total/℃ Tm,icc/℃ Tm, CO2/℃ Th, CO2/℃ Tm, clath/℃ 盐度/% NaCl MX01860-2 重晶石 L+V 7 177～284 -9.6～-1.1 1.91～13.51 MX01860-3 重晶石 L+V 11 178～261 -8.6～-2.0 3.39～12.39 MX01860-5 重晶石 L+V 5 199～264 -6.5～-2.3 3.87～9.86 石英 L+V 5 223～306 -8.3～-5.9 9.08～12.05 MX44200-3 石英 L+V 4 224～246 -8.3～-5.8 8.95～12.05 方解石 L+V 6 206～229 -7.9～-4.1 6.59～11.58 MX44200-5 石英 L+V 2 146～188 -3.7～-3.1 5.11～6.01 方解石 L+V 7 207～238 -4.5～-3.4 5.56～7.17 MX44200-8 石英 L+V 2 229～320 -4.7～-0.4 0.70～7.45 方解石 L+V 8 152～285 -5.8～-3.0 4.96～8.95 MX54860-2 重晶石 L+V 7 171～243 -14.3～-7.1 10.61～18.04 闪锌矿 L+V 15 155～238 -10.7～-6.0 9.21～14.67 MX54860-6 重晶石 L+V 10 141～261 -9.5～-1.7 2.90～13.40 MX725860-1 重晶石 L+V 20 129～332 -9.0～-0.2 0.35～12.85 MX725860-5 方解石 L+V 10 139～194 -6.6～-0.6 1.05～9.98 MX725860-8 方解石 L+V 10 192～256 -7.8～-3.5 5.71～11.46 MX725860-9 石英 L+V 4 150～389 -3.6～-1.0 1.74～5.86 L+Vco2+Lco2 13 187～313 -59.6～-56.4 24.6～29.4 8.3～9.8 0.43～3.33 MX725860-11 石英 L+Vco2+Lco2 10 254～294 -58.8～-56.1 25.9～29.3 7.4～9.8 0.43～4.98 MX38860-4 重晶石 L+V 20 139～396 -8.0～-1.5 2.57～11.70 注：Th,total：完全均一温度；Tm,icc：冰点；Tm,CO2：固体CO2完全熔化温度；Th,CO2：CO2相部分均一温度；Tm,clath：笼形物熔化温度。
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表 3 勐糯铅锌矿床流体包裹体密度、压力特征
Table 3. Density and pressure characteristics of fluid inclusions in the Mengnuo lead-zinc deposit
样品编号 测定矿物 密度/(g/cm3) 成矿压力/(×105 Pa) 范围 平均 范围 平均 MX01860-2 重晶石 0.774～0.990 0.903 280.86～593.48 422.89 MX01860-3 重晶石 0.848～0.991 0.916 315.02～556.35 458.46 MX01860-5 重晶石 0.814～0.940 0.886 326.10～479.24 391.66 石英 0.829～0.907 0.858 457.18～545.46 515.96 MX44200-3 石英 0.900～0.924 0.909 453.57～545.46 504.02 方解石 0.880～0.932 0.918 391.44～530.68 468.86 MX44200-5 石英 0.924～0.960 0.942 355.23～377.03 366.13 方解石 0.867～0.911 0.889 366.05～406.16 390.48 MX44200-8 石英 0.668～0.887 0.778 250.71～413.39 332.05 方解石 0.826～0.958 0.915 351.65～453.57 389.28 MX54860-2 重晶石 0.897～1.020 0.959 501.18～765.55 630.62 闪锌矿 0.899～1.002 0.951 460.80～634.06 541.25 MX54860-6 重晶石 0.869～1.020 0.938 303.76～589.75 446.74 MX725860-1 重晶石 0.779～1.016 0.894 240.17～571.37 437.92 MX725860-5 方解石 0.927～0.984 0.952 260.00～482.70 403.54 MX725860-8 方解石 0.847～0.923 0.893 369.69～526.96 442.26 MX725860-9 石英 0.527～0.960 0.809 242.77～373.35 288.60 MX725860-11 石英 0.722～0.809 0.782 242.77～352.13 293.98 MX38860-4 重晶石 0.526～1.004 0.873 296.17～534.43 387.79
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表 4 勐糯铅锌矿床与SEDEX 型、MVT 型、中低温热液型铅锌矿床特征对比[21-30]
Table 4. Characteristics of the Mengnuo lead-zinc deposit compared with SEDEX type, MVT type and medium-low temperature hydrothermal type lead-zinc deposit
矿床特征 勐糯铅锌矿床 SEDEX 型铅锌矿床 MVT 型铅锌矿床 中低温热液型铅锌矿床 成矿地质体 碳酸盐岩与千枚岩类组合，断裂及层间构造 碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩（含蒸发岩）为主的沉积岩 以白云岩为主、少数 为灰岩 碳酸盐岩，断裂及层间裂隙 赋矿地层 志留系栗柴坝组 主要集中在中上元界及泥盆系地层中 多集中在古生界、三 叠系，少量为志留系 和二叠系 主要集中在古生界二叠-奥陶系 矿体形态 层状、似层状、豆荚状或透镜状 上部与地层整合接触呈层状、似层状；下部与地层不整合接触呈网脉状、脉状 多为层状、板状和线状，或为穿层的筒状、柱状、团块状和脉状 层状、条带状、块状、脉状 矿物组合 金属矿物：闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿、毒砂；脉石矿物：以方解石、重晶石、石英为主 金属矿物：闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿和黄铜矿；脉石矿：白云岩、方解石和石英 金属矿物：闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿和白 铁矿；脉石矿物：白 云石、方解石和石 英，以及少量重晶石 和萤石 金属矿物：黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿、磁铁矿等; 脉石矿物主要为石英、方解石等。 矿石构造 层状、块状、浸染状、脉状构造 上部矿体中沉积构造发育，包括条带状构造、层纹状构造、粒状层理等，下部常为角砾状构造，脉状构造。 浸染状、角砾状、网脉状、脉状、块状构 造 层状、块状、浸染状、脉状构造、角砾状 矿物结构 自形-半自形细粒结构、鲕状结构、胶状结构、交代残余结构 细粒结构、鲕状结构、胶状结构、交代残余结构 粒状结构、交代（交 代残余）结构等 自形-半自形结构、粒状结构、交代残余结构 构造背景 保山-镇康弧后盆地，勐糯次级向斜 大地构造上陆壳内部或克拉通内部的裂谷、被动陆缘裂陷盆地 被动大陆边缘的碳酸盐岩台地，前陆盆地边缘和前陆逆冲褶皱带内 被动大陆边缘的碳酸盐岩台地，古生代至三叠纪的浅海相沉积坳陷带 岩浆活动 矿区及周围未见岩浆岩
分布与岩浆活动无直接关系 与岩浆活动无直接关系 与岩浆活动有关系 围岩蚀变 方解石化、重晶石化、绢云母化和硅化 硅化、碳酸盐岩化、重晶
石化碳酸盐化、硅化、重晶石化和萤石化 硅化、绢云母化、碳酸盐化、绿泥石化 控矿构造 勐糯向斜和层间断裂构造 矿床赋存于俯冲带次级褶皱和断裂。 断层及构造裂隙、岩 相过度界面、溶塌角砾岩、盆地基底的变化 断层及构造裂隙、层间破碎带 成矿温度 129～389 ℃，众值在 170～280℃之 间 70～350℃，集中在140 ～280℃，众值为225 ℃ 50～250℃，主要集中在 75～ 150℃ 120～306 ℃，主要集中在 160～280℃ 盐度 4.03%～12.73% NaCl eqv 15%～20% NaCl eqv 15%～30% NaCl eqv 0.7%～14% NaCl eqv C-H-O 同位素 C来源于海相碳酸盐岩和岩浆或深部地壳，成矿流体来源盆地卤水、有机水和岩浆水混合 成矿流体主要来源于有机水，晚期可能由岩浆水或大气降水的混入 H-O同位素显示含矿流体主要为大气降水，可能有岩浆热液活动的显示 C来源于海相碳酸盐岩，成矿流体主要来源于岩浆水，有大气水加入 Pb 同位素 Pb 来源于上地壳，有地层溶解和深部岩浆作用 Pb 组成均匀，指示成矿金属来源于海相硫酸盐 组成变化大，与赋地层关系密切 Pb 来源于上地壳与地幔混合的俯冲带的岩浆作用区，与岩浆作用有关 S 同位素 δ34S为-3.6‰～ 27.9‰，均值为9.9‰ 硫的分布范围较广，δ34S 为-8‰～+30‰，主要集中在-8‰～+15‰ δ34S 为-25‰～30‰， 主要集中在负值范围 硫的值均为δ34S 为
-8.28‰～12‰
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