Geological Evolution of East Lake, Wuhan
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摘要: 东湖作为我国乃至世界第二大城中湖承载着武汉城市发展的历史脉络与精神内涵。本文从地质构造、气候演化、江湖相互作用和人类活动等方面对东湖的成因和演化进行了研究,认为东湖既是一个“构造湖”,又是一个“壅塞湖”,它的形成受多期构造运动叠加影响,印支运动至喜马拉雅运动过程中引起的褶皱变形、盆岭构造、凹陷盆地、大别山隆升等为东湖形成奠定了地质基础。东湖的形成与长江的关系密切,是中更新世以来地壳垂直升降和气候环境变化过程中江、湖相互作用的结果,最终在人类工程活动过程中形成现今的几何形态。不同时期的遥感影像显示出人类工程活动已成为不容忽视的地质营力,对东湖发展演化的影响无论是强度还是速度都远超自然地质营力作用,按照“山水林田湖草生命共同体”的理念开发利用和保护东湖是人类的唯一选择。Abstract: East Lake, the second largest city lake in China and even in the World, bears the historical context and spiritual connotation of Wuhan’s urban development. This paper analyzes the genesis and evolution of East Lake from the aspects of geological structure, climate evolution, interaction between river and lake, human activities. It is considered that the East Lake is both a “tectonic lake” and a “barrier lake”. Its formation is affected by the multi-stage tectonic movement. The folding deformation, basin-range structure, sag basin and Dabie Mountain uplift caused by the Indosinian movement to Himalayan movement provided the geological foundation for East Lake. Closely related to the Yangtze River, the geological evolution of the East Lake is the result of the interaction between the Yangtze River and lakes in the process of vertical crust uplift and fall, and the climatic and environmental changes since the Middle Pleistocene, which forms the current geometric form along with human engineering activities. Over 30 years remote sensing images show that human engineering activities have been geological forces that cannot be ignored, with stronger and faster influence on the development and evolution of the East Lake than natural geological forces. The only choice for human beings to develop, utilize and protect the East Lake is following the concept of “community of life for mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grass”.
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Key words:
- tectonic lake /
- barrier lake /
- formation and evolution of East Lake /
- Wuhan City
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