Geological Characteristics, Mineralization, and Development Situation of Principal Metal Mineral Resources in the West African Craton
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摘要: 西非克拉通成矿地质条件优越，优势金属矿产包括铁、铝土矿和金。铁矿以BIF型为主，主要赋存于新太古代、古元古代地盾中，与变质火山沉积岩系有关，尤其是绿岩带；铝土矿赋存于元古宙、古生代和中生代富铝硅酸盐岩的红土风化壳中，主要分布在西部古生代博韦盆地；金矿以造山型为主，分布于古元古代莱奥地盾内。西非地区BIF型铁矿的形成经历了漫长的沉积-变质/变形-风化富集作用，铝土矿的形成是地质历史时期区域构造、成矿母岩、气候、地形地貌等多种因素共同作用的结果，金矿的成矿作用与中太古代利比里亚造山运动（2.9~2.8 Ga）、古元古代埃布尼造山运动（2.2~2.0 Ga）和中-新生代风化淋滤沉积作用相关。近年来，随着西非成矿理论研究水平的提升和找矿勘查工作的逐步深入，矿业开发活动也得到稳步发展。总体上看，西非铁矿开发正在加速推进，将成为国际铁矿石市场的重要一极；铝土矿开发高度集中在几内亚，中资企业发展迅猛；金矿开发稳步推进，西方企业占据主导地位。Abstract: The dominant metal minerals in the West African Craton with superior mineralization include iron, bauxite and gold. The iron ore deposits in the west African craton are mainly the BIF type, which mainly occur in the Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic shield and are related to metamorphic volcanic sedimentary strata, especially the greenstone belt. The bauxite deposits occur in the laterite residue of Proterozoic, Paleozoic and Mesozoic aluminum-rich silicate rocks, and are mainly distributed in the Western Paleozoic Bove Basin. The gold deposits are mainly the orogenic type and distributed in the Paleoproterozoic Leo shield. The formation of BIF-type iron deposits in West Africa has gone through a long process of sedimentation-metamorphism / deformation-weathering enrichment. The bauxite ore is the result of the coupling of regional structure, metallogenic parent rock, climate, landform, hydrogeology and other factors in the geological history. The gold mineralization shows affinity with the middle Archean Liberian orogeny (2.9-2.8 Ga), Paleoproterozoic Eburnean orogeny (2.2-2.0 Ga) and Meso-Cenozoic weathering, leaching and sedimentation. In recent years, with the gradual improvement of metallogenic theory research and advance of prospecting work in West Africa, mining activities have also been steadily developed. Generally, the iron ore development in the West Africa is accelerating, which would be a potentially important in the global iron ore market. The bauxite development in the West Africa, is concentrated in Guinea, where Chinese companies gained a robust momentum. The gold development is progressing steadily, which is, dominated by the companies of western countries.
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Key words:
- West African craton /
- geological characteristics /
- mineralization /
- development situation
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